供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)内(nei)容：涉及五个领域：需(xu)求(qiu)、计划(hua)、物流(liu)、供(gong)(gong)应(ying)和(he)逆向(xiang)物流(liu)。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理是以(yi)(yi)同步化(hua)、集成化(hua)生(sheng)产(chan)计划(hua)为指(zhi)导，以(yi)(yi)各种技术为支(zhi)持，尤其以(yi)(yi)互联网(wang)为依托，围绕供(gong)(gong)应(ying)、生(sheng)产(chan)、物流(liu)（主要(yao)指(zhi)制(zhi)造过(guo)程）、满足需(xu)求(qiu)来实施的(de)(de)(de)。21世纪全球市(shi)场竞争(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)特点：1.产(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)产(chan)周期(qi)越(yue)来越(yue)短(duan)(duan)；2.产(chan)品(pin)品(pin)种数飞速增(zeng)加；3.对缩短(duan)(duan)交货(huo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)来越(yue)高(gao)(gao)；4.对产(chan)品(pin)和(he)服(fu)务(wu)质(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)望越(yue)来越(yue)高(gao)(gao)。传(chuan)统“纵向(xiang)一(yi)体化(hua)”模式：1.增(zeng)加企业(ye)投(tou)资负(fu)担；2.承担丧失市(shi)场时机的(de)(de)(de)风险；3.迫使企业(ye)从事不擅长的(de)(de)(de)业(ye)务(wu)活动(dong)；4.在每个业(ye)务(wu)领域都直接面(mian)临众多(duo)竞争(zheng)对手；5.增(zeng)大企业(ye)行业(ye)风险。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理需(xu)要(yao)进行仓储管(guan)(guan)理，以(yi)(yi)实现库存控制(zhi)和(he)物流(liu)协调。潮州电商(shang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)公司流(liu)程

我们可以(yi)(yi)把供应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)描绘(hui)成一(yi)棵枝(zhi)叶(ye)(ye)茂盛的(de)大树(shu)(shu)：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产企(qi)业(ye)构成树(shu)(shu)根；单独代理(li)商则是(shi)主干(gan)；分销商是(shi)树(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)和树(shu)(shu)梢；满树(shu)(shu)的(de)绿叶(ye)(ye)红(hong)花是(shi)用户；在(zai)根与(yu)主干(gan)、枝(zhi)与(yu)干(gan)的(de)一(yi)个个结(jie)点，蕴藏着一(yi)次次的(de)流通，遍(bian)体相通的(de)脉络便(bian)是(shi)信息(xi)管(guan)理(li)系统。供应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)上各(ge)企(qi)业(ye)之间的(de)关系与(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物学中(zhong)的(de)食物链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)类似。在(zai)“草(cao)—兔子—狼—狮子”这样(yang)一(yi)个简单的(de)食物链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)（为便(bian)于论述，假设在(zai)这一(yi)自然环(huan)(huan)境中(zhong)只生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)这四种生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物），如果我们把兔子全部杀掉，那(nei)么草(cao)就会疯长起(qi)来，狼也会因兔子的(de)灭(mie)绝而饿(e)死，连厉害的(de)狮子也会因狼的(de)死亡而慢慢饿(e)死。可见，食物链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)每一(yi)种生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物之间是(shi)相互依(yi)存(cun)的(de)，破(po)坏(huai)食物链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)任何(he)一(yi)种生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物，势必导致这条食物链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)失去平衡，破(po)坏(huai)人类赖(lai)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)态环(huan)(huan)境。广州(zhou)国际供应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)公司流程供应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需要(yao)不(bu)断创(chuang)新和改进，以(yi)(yi)适应(ying)(ying)市场(chang)变化和客(ke)户需求。

早(zao)期的(de)观点认为(wei)(wei)(wei)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)是指将采购(gou)的(de)原材(cai)料和(he)收到(dao)的(de)零部件，通过(guo)(guo)生(sheng)产转换和(he)销售等活动传递到(dao)用户(hu)的(de)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。因此，供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)被(bei)视为(wei)(wei)(wei)企(qi)业(ye)内部的(de)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)物(wu)(wu)流过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，它所(suo)(suo)涉(she)及的(de)主要是物(wu)(wu)料采购(gou)、库存、生(sheng)产和(he)分销诸部门的(de)职能(neng)协(xie)调问(wen)题，目的(de)是为(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)优化(hua)企(qi)业(ye)内部的(de)业(ye)务流程(cheng)(cheng)、降低物(wu)(wu)流成本，从(cong)而提高经营效率(lv)。进入(ru)20世纪90年(nian)代，人们(men)对(dui)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)的(de)理解又发(fa)生(sheng)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)变化(hua)：首(shou)先，由于需求环境的(de)变化(hua)，原来(lai)被(bei)排(pai)斥在供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)之外的(de)用户(hu)、消(xiao)费者的(de)地位得到(dao)了(le)(le)前所(suo)(suo)未有的(de)重视，从(cong)而被(bei)纳入(ru)了(le)(le)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)的(de)范围。这样，供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)就不(bu)再(zai)只(zhi)是一(yi)条(tiao)生(sheng)产链(lian)(lian)了(le)(le)，而是一(yi)个(ge)(ge)涵(han)盖了(le)(le)整个(ge)(ge)产品运动过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)增值链(lian)(lian)。

推拉结合(he)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)：推动(dong)式（供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)上(shang)游(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商一端是(shi)以(yi)预测(ce)驱动(dong)的(de)(de)生产(chan)和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)）和(he)拉动(dong)式（以(yi)客户需(xu)(xu)求驱动(dong)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)运(yun)行机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)：1.合(he)作机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)（体(ti)现(xian)了战略(lve)合(he)作伙伴关(guan)系和(he)企业(ye)内外资源的(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)与优化(hua)利用。基(ji)(ji)于时间的(de)(de)竞争(zheng)和(he)价(jia)值链(lian)及价(jia)值让(rang)渡系统(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)或基(ji)(ji)于价(jia)值的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)）；2.决策(ce)机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)（基(ji)(ji)于互联网/物联网的(de)(de)开放性(xing)信(xin)息环境下的(de)(de)群体(ti)决策(ce)模式）；3.激励机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)；4.自(zi)律机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)；5.风险机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)；6.信(xin)任机(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)基(ji)(ji)于供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)扩展(zhan)企业(ye)模型(xing)：“X”模型(xing)，将供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)、生产(chan)、分(fen)销有机(ji)(ji)(ji)结合(he)，考(kao)虑产(chan)品与制(zhi)造设计工作和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商、分(fen)销商甚至(zhi)顾客。实现(xian)信(xin)息共享和(he)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)论模型(xing)：由顾客化(hua)需(xu)(xu)求-集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)计划-业(ye)务流(liu)程重(zhong)组-面(mian)向对象的(de)(de)过程控制(zhi)组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)回路(lu)(lu)（作业(ye)回路(lu)(lu)）；由顾客化(hua)策(ce)略(lve)-信(xin)息共享-调整适应(ying)(ying)性(xing)-创造性(xing)团队组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)第二个回路(lu)(lu)（策(ce)略(lve)回路(lu)(lu)）；在(zai)作业(ye)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)每个作业(ye)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各种相应(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)作业(ye)性(xing)能评(ping)价(jia)与提高(gao)回路(lu)(lu)（性(xing)能评(ping)价(jia)回路(lu)(lu)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)要考(kao)虑供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)人才(cai)培养(yang)，如培养(yang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)人才(cai)、提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)员工素质等，提高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)水(shui)平。

当供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各节点(dian)企业只根(gen)据来自相邻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)游(you)企业（一般称为(wei)(wei)顾客和(he)买方(fang)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息做出生(sheng)产和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)给(ji)决(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)时(shi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)真实(shi)性会沿着供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)逆流而上，使订(ding)(ding)货量(liang)(liang)逐级放大(da)，到达源(yuan)头供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应商(shang)时(shi)，其(qi)获(huo)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息和(he)市场上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)实(shi)际顾客需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息发生(sheng)了很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差，需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭曲将实(shi)际需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)(liang)放大(da)。原因：1、需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)预测修正：指供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成员采用(yong)其(qi)直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)游(you)订(ding)(ding)货数(shu)据作为(wei)(wei)市场需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信号(hao)时(shi)，即需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)放大(da)；2、订(ding)(ding)货批(pi)量(liang)(liang)决(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)：指周期(qi)性订(ding)(ding)货决(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)或者订(ding)(ding)单推动(dong)；3、价格(ge)(ge)波(bo)动(dong)：反映(ying)了一种商(shang)业行为(wei)(wei)，它是由于(yu)一些(xie)促(cu)销(xiao)手(shou)段造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如(ru)价格(ge)(ge)折扣(kou)、数(shu)量(liang)(liang)折扣(kou)、赠票等(deng)；4、短缺博弈：是一种现象，当需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)于(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应时(shi)，理(li)(li)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)决(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)是按照用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)订(ding)(ding)货量(liang)(liang)比(bi)例分配(pei)现有库存供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应量(liang)(liang)。此(ci)时(shi)用(yong)户就(jiu)为(wei)(wei)了获(huo)得(de)更大(da)份额的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)给(ji)量(liang)(liang)，故意地夸大(da)其(qi)订(ding)(ding)货需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，当需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)降温时(shi)，订(ding)(ding)货又突然消(xiao)失。方(fang)法(fa)：1.提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)信息共享；2.科学确(que)定定价决(jue)(jue)(jue)策(ce)；3.提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)运(yun)营管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)，缩短提(ti)(ti)(ti)前(qian)期(qi)；4.提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)透(tou)明(ming)度；5.建立(li)战略性合作伙伴。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)管理(li)(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要考虑供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)知(zhi)识(shi)管理(li)(li)，如(ru)共享供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)知(zhi)识(shi)、建立(li)知(zhi)识(shi)库等(deng)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)知(zhi)识(shi)管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)和(he)效率。生(sheng)鲜供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应链(lian)模(mo)式

供应(ying)链管理需要考(kao)虑(lv)的因素包括供需平衡(heng)、库存管理、物流运输、质量控制等。潮州电商供应(ying)链公司流程(cheng)

供(gong)应(ying)链的(de)类型(xing)：稳(wen)定的(de)和不稳(wen)定的(de)供(gong)应(ying)链（市(shi)场(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)是(shi)否稳(wen)定、单一）；平衡(heng)的(de)和不平衡(heng)的(de)供(gong)应(ying)链（供(gong)需(xu)是(shi)否平衡(heng)、各职(zhi)能运作是(shi)否平衡(heng)）；效率(lv)型(xing)供(gong)应(ying)链（物料转换功能，需(xu)求(qiu)可(ke)以(yi)预测(ce)，成本低(di)）和响应(ying)型(xing)供(gong)应(ying)链（快速(su)响应(ying)，需(xu)求(qiu)不可(ke)预测(ce)）；敏捷型(xing)供(gong)应(ying)链（如(ru)何处理供(gong)应(ying)链市(shi)场(chang)(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)不稳(wen)定性(xing)的(de)运作问题，供(gong)需(xu)不稳(wen)定）；风险归(gui)避型(xing)供(gong)应(ying)链（适用于那种供(gong)应(ying)不确(que)定性(xing)高，需(xu)求(qiu)不确(que)定性(xing)低(di)的(de)市(shi)场(chang)(chang)环(huan)境）。供(gong)应(ying)链的(de)系统(tong)(tong)特征(zheng)：系统(tong)(tong)性(xing)、复杂性(xing)、动态性(xing)、用户需(xu)求(qiu)响应(ying)性(xing)、交叉性(xing).潮(chao)州(zhou)电商(shang)供(gong)应(ying)链公司流程

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