切削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)对象是各(ge)(ge)种(zhong)各(ge)(ge)样(yang)的(de)机械(xie)(xie)零件，而零件又(you)是由一个个表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)所组(zu)成(cheng)，所以，具体切削(xue)的(de)是形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)、位(wei)置(zhi)、尺寸和精(jing)度等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)样(yang)化(hua)的(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。从形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)上，组(zu)成(cheng)零件常(chang)见的(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、外(wai)(wai)圆(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、内圆(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、圆(yuan)(yuan)锥(zhui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、螺纹(wen)、齿(chi)形(xing)(xing)、成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和各(ge)(ge)种(zhong)沟槽等(deng)(deng)。如图的(de)零件就是由外(wai)(wai)圆(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、内圆(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、外(wai)(wai)圆(yuan)(yuan)锥(zhui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、内圆(yuan)(yuan)锥(zhui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、外(wai)(wai)螺纹(wen)、内螺纹(wen)、直角槽、回转(zhuan)槽、轴肩平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和端平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)(deng)所组(zu)成(cheng)。切削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就是通过各(ge)(ge)种(zhong)各(ge)(ge)样(yang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出这(zhei)些表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，从而形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)一定要(yao)求的(de)零件。一、机床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)类(lei)型(xing)与基(ji)本构(gou)造(zao)金(jin)(jin)属(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)机床(chuang)(chuang)简称机床(chuang)(chuang)是将金(jin)(jin)属(shu)毛坯(pi)上的(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)余金(jin)(jin)属(shu)变成(cheng)切屑，使毛坯(pi)变成(cheng)所需(xu)机械(xie)(xie)零件的(de)机器。现代制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)业所加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)机械(xie)(xie)零件特(te)别是精(jing)密机械(xie)(xie)零件的(de)主要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)是切削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，切削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)占机器总制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)量的(de)50%左(zuo)右，机床(chuang)(chuang)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)业的(de)水平直接影响了机械(xie)(xie)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)业的(de)产(chan)品质(zhi)量和劳(lao)动效(xiao)率等(deng)(deng)。实际生产(chan)中需(xu)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件种(zhong)类(lei)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)，其形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)、结构(gou)、尺寸、精(jing)度、表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)质(zhi)量和数量等(deng)(deng)各(ge)(ge)不(bu)相同。为(wei)了满(man)足(zu)不(bu)同加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)，机床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)品种(zhong)和规格也(ye)应多(duo)(duo)(duo)种(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)样(yang)。各(ge)(ge)有特(te)点(dian)，但它们在结构(gou)、运动及自动化(hua)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有许多(duo)(duo)(duo)类(lei)似之处(chu)，也(ye)有着共同的(de)原理及规律(lv)。刀齿(chi)容易出现径向跳动，这(zhei)将造(zao)成(cheng)刀齿(chi)负荷不(bu)等(deng)(deng)，磨损不(bu)均匀，影响已加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)质(zhi)量。嘉善硬质(zhi)机加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具选择(ze)

内(nei)径(jing)(jing)百分表(biao)(biao)用(yong)来测(ce)量(liang)(liang)圆(yuan)柱(zhu)孔，它附有(you)成套(tao)的可(ke)调测(ce)量(liang)(liang)头(tou)，使用(yong)前必须(xu)先(xian)进行组合和(he)校对零位。组合时(shi)，将百分表(biao)(biao)装入连(lian)杆(gan)内(nei)，使小指针指在0~1的位置(zhi)上(压缩(suo)百分表(biao)(biao)半圈)，长(zhang)针和(he)连(lian)杆(gan)轴线(xian)重(zhong)合，刻度盘(pan)上的字应(ying)垂直向下，以便(bian)于测(ce)量(liang)(liang)时(shi)观察，装好(hao)后(hou)应(ying)予紧固。测(ce)量(liang)(liang)前应(ying)根据被测(ce)孔径(jing)(jing)大小用(yong)外径(jing)(jing)百分尺调整好(hao)尺寸(cun)(cun)后(hou)才能使用(yong)。在调整尺寸(cun)(cun)时(shi)，正(zheng)确选(xuan)用(yong)可(ke)换测(ce)头(tou)的长(zhang)度及其伸出距离，应(ying)使被测(ce)尺寸(cun)(cun)在活(huo)动测(ce)头(tou)总移动量(liang)(liang)的中(zhong)间位置(zhi)。测(ce)量(liang)(liang)时(shi)，连(lian)杆(gan)中(zhong)心(xin)线(xian)应(ying)与工(gong)件中(zhong)心(xin)线(xian)平行，不(bu)得歪斜，同时(shi)应(ying)在圆(yuan)周上多测(ce)几(ji)个(ge)点(dian)，找出孔径(jing)(jing)的实际(ji)尺寸(cun)(cun)，看是否在公差范围以内(nei)。绍兴耐用(yong)机(ji)加工(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)收费硬质(zhi)合金(jin)焊接车刀(dao)优点(dian)是结(jie)构(gou)简(jian)单，制(zhi)造方便(bian)，可(ke)以根据需要进行刃磨(mo)，用(yong)灵活(huo)，刀(dao)具(ju)刚性好(hao)。

整体式(shi)(shi):刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)体和刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)齿是(shi)制成一(yi)(yi)(yi)体的(de)(de)(de)(de)。制造(zao)比较(jiao)简便，但(dan)是(shi)大(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)做(zuo)成这种(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因为比较(jiao)浪费材(cai)料(liao)。焊接式(shi)(shi):刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)齿用(yong)(yong)硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)或其他(ta)耐磨刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具材(cai)料(liao)制成,并钎焊在(zai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)体上。镶齿式(shi)(shi):这种(zhong)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)体是(shi)普通(tong)钢料(liao)做(zuo)成，而把工具钢的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片镶到刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)身上去。大(da)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)多半采用(yong)(yong)这种(zhong)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。用(yong)(yong)镶齿法(fa)(fa)(fa)制造(zao)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)节省工具钢材(cai)料(liao)，同时万一(yi)(yi)(yi)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)个刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)齿用(yong)(yong)坏，还可(ke)(ke)以(yi)拆下(xia)来重新换(huan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)个好的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)必整个铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。但(dan)是(shi)小尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)因为地(di)位(wei)有限(xian)，不(bu)能利用(yong)(yong)镶齿的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。可(ke)(ke)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)式(shi)(shi):将(jiang)能转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多边(bian)形刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片用(yong)(yong)机械方法(fa)(fa)(fa)夹(jia)固(gu)在(zai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)杆或刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)体上的(de)(de)(de)(de)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。在(zai)切削(xue)加工中,当一(yi)(yi)(yi)个刃尖磨钝后(hou),将(jiang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)另外的(de)(de)(de)(de)刃尖，这种(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片用(yong)(yong)钝后(hou)不(bu)再(zai)重磨。可(ke)(ke)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)式(shi)(shi)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和其它(ta)种(zhong)类(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)铣(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相比有以(yi)下(xia)优(you)点:①避免(mian)了硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)钎焊时容易产生裂(lie)纹的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺点;②可(ke)(ke)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片适(shi)合(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)气(qi)相沉积法(fa)(fa)(fa)在(zai)硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片表面沉积薄(bo)层(ceng)更(geng)硬(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(碳化钛、氮化钛和氧(yang)化铝),以(yi)提高切削(xue)性(xing)能;③换(huan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)时间短;④由于(yu)可(ke)(ke)转(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)位(wei)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片是(shi)标准化和集中生产的(de)(de)(de)(de),刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片几何参数易于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,切屑控制稳定。

螺线齿(chi)(chi)这(zhei)种铣刀(dao)(dao)有左手和右手的(de)(de)区别，如图所示。由于(yu)刀(dao)(dao)齿(chi)(chi)是斜绕(rao)在(zai)刀(dao)(dao)身上(shang)的(de)(de)，在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)时，前(qian)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)齿(chi)(chi)还没有离开，后(hou)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)齿(chi)(chi)就(jiu)(jiu)已经(jing)开始(shi)切削。这(zhei)样(yang)在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)时就(jiu)(jiu)不会发生震动(dong)，加工(gong)(gong)表面(mian)(mian)也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)会光(guang)些。·尖(jian)齿(chi)(chi)铣刀(dao)(dao)这(zhei)种铣刀(dao)(dao)容易制造，因此应(ying)用也(ye)很广。铣刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)齿(chi)(chi)用钝以(yi)后(hou)是在(zai)工(gong)(gong)具磨(mo)(mo)床上(shang)用砂轮磨(mo)(mo)刀(dao)(dao)齿(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)，前(qian)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)在(zai)制作西倒是已经(jing)做好了，不需再(zai)磨(mo)(mo)。2、铲齿(chi)(chi)铣刀(dao)(dao)这(zhei)种铣刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)不是平的(de)(de)，而是曲线的(de)(de)。后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)是在(zai)铲齿(chi)(chi)车床上(shang)做出来的(de)(de)。铲齿(chi)(chi)铣刀(dao)(dao)用钝以(yi)后(hou)，只需磨(mo)(mo)前(qian)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)，而不需磨(mo)(mo)后(hou)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)。这(zhei)种铣刀(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)特点就(jiu)(jiu)是在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)前(qian)刀(dao)(dao)面(mian)(mian)时不影响刀(dao)(dao)齿(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)形状。机械加工(gong)(gong)成套的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)艺对大小型孔及其形状的(de)(de)简单(dan)或(huo)复杂程度没有明显的(de)(de)区别。

量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)种(zhong)类(lei)很多，根据其(qi)用(yong)途和特点不同(tong)，可(ke)(ke)以分(fen)为(wei):1.量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju):这类(lei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)般都(dou)有刻度，在其(qi)测(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)范(fan)围(wei)内(nei)可(ke)(ke)以直接测(ce)(ce)出零件(jian)(jian)和产(chan)品(pin)形(xing)(xing)状及(ji)尺(chi)寸的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)体数值(zhi)。如游标卡(ka)尺(chi)、千分(fen)尺(chi)、百分(fen)表(biao)和角(jiao)度尺(chi)等(deng)。2.量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju):这类(lei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)不能测(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)出实际尺(chi)寸，只(zhi)(zhi)能测(ce)(ce)定(ding)零件(jian)(jian)和产(chan)品(pin)的(de)形(xing)(xing)状、尺(chi)寸是否(fou)合格，如卡(ka)规、塞规等(deng)。3.标准量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)快(kuai):这类(lei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)只(zhi)(zhi)能制(zhi)成某一(yi)(yi)固定(ding)尺(chi)寸，通常用(yong)来校对和调整其(qi)它量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，也可(ke)(ke)以作(zuo)为(wei)标准与被测(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)进行比较，如量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)块、角(jiao)度量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)块。三(san)、量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(一(yi)(yi))游标卡(ka)尺(chi)游标卡(ka)尺(chi)如图所示(shi)，是一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)比较精(jing)密的(de)通用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，可(ke)(ke)以直接测(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)内(nei)径、外(wai)径、宽度、长度、厚度、深度及(ji)中心距等(deng)。切(qie)削(xue)加工(gong)(gong)属(shu)于机械加工(gong)(gong)中的(de)精(jing)加工(gong)(gong)处理(li)环节，一(yi)(yi)般指用(yong)手持(chi)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)或机床刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)从金属(shu)零件(jian)(jian)上(shang)切(qie)削(xue)多余(yu)材料的(de)过程。平(ping)湖(hu)机械机加工(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)技(ji)术

由于(yu)硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)合金刀(dao)片和刀(dao)杆材料的线膨胀系数(shu)不同(tong)，当(dang)焊(han)接工(gong)(gong)艺不合理时易导 致硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)合金产生(sheng)裂纹。嘉善硬(ying)质(zhi)(zhi)机加工(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具选择

如微(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)筒端面(mian)与(yu)(yu)下刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)之间(jian)有(you)(you)一条(tiao)(tiao)上刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)，测(ce)(ce)量结(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)应(ying)为下刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)数(shu)(shu)(shu)值加上，再(zai)加上可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)值。1、先读(du)(du)(du)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2、再(zai)读(du)(du)(du)半(ban)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，若(ruo)(ruo)半(ban)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)已(yi)露出(chu)，记作(zuo)；若(ruo)(ruo)半(ban)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)未露出(chu)，记作(zuo)；3、再(zai)读(du)(du)(du)可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（注意(yi)估读(du)(du)(du)）。记作(zuo)n×；4、终(zhong)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)结(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)为固(gu)(gu)定(ding)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)+半(ban)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)+可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)+估读(du)(du)(du)由(you)于(yu)螺旋(xuan)测(ce)(ce)微(wei)(wei)(wei)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)结(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)精确到以mm为单位千分(fen)(fen)位，故螺旋(xuan)测(ce)(ce)微(wei)(wei)(wei)器又叫千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)。外(wai)径千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判定(ding)校准好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)，当测(ce)(ce)微(wei)(wei)(wei)螺杆(gan)与(yu)(yu)测(ce)(ce)砧接触后，可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)线(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)横线(xian)(xian)(xian)应(ying)该(gai)是对齐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。如果(guo)没有(you)(you)对齐，测(ce)(ce)量时(shi)就会产生系(xi)统误差(cha)──零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)。如无法消(xiao)除(chu)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)，则应(ying)考(kao)虑(lv)它(ta)们对读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影响(xiang)。若(ruo)(ruo)可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)线(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)平(ping)横线(xian)(xian)(xian)上方，且(qie)第(di)x条(tiao)(tiao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)横线(xian)(xian)(xian)对齐，即说(shuo)明测(ce)(ce)量时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)要比真实值小(xiao)，这(zhei)种零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)叫做负零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)；若(ruo)(ruo)可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)线(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)平(ping)横线(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下方，且(qie)第(di)y条(tiao)(tiao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)线(xian)(xian)(xian)与(yu)(yu)横线(xian)(xian)(xian)对齐，则说(shuo)明测(ce)(ce)量时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)要比真实值大(da)，这(zhei)种零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)叫正零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)。>对于(yu)存在(zai)(zai)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)，测(ce)(ce)量结(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)应(ying)等(deng)于(yu)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)减去(qu)零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)，即物体长度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)＝固(gu)(gu)定(ding)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)＋可(ke)动(dong)(dong)(dong)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)读(du)(du)(du)数(shu)(shu)(shu)－零(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)误差(cha)。使(shi)用千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)注意(yi)事(shi)项(xiang)1．千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)是一种精密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量具，使(shi)用时(shi)应(ying)小(xiao)心谨慎(shen)，动(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)轻缓，不要让它(ta)受到打击和碰撞。千分(fen)(fen)尺(chi)内的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺纹(wen)非常精密。嘉善(shan)硬质机加工刀具选择

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