光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)体(ti)(ti)化(hua)应(ying)用(yong)，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)屋顶、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)幕墙(qiang)甚至光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)停车棚、电(dian)子树、光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)护栏等。据(ju)了(le)解，国内光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)已经达到(dao)600亿(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米，其中(zhong)城(cheng)市建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)超300亿(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米，大概有30亿(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米的光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)体(ti)(ti)化(hua)产品(pin)可供安装。根据(ju)中(zhong)信证券(quan)预测，未来每年新(xin)增建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)积(ji)(ji)将达到(dao)40亿(yi)平(ping)方(fang)米以上，按照保守估计，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)体(ti)(ti)化(hua)产品(pin)渗透率为2%，粗略(lve)估算其一(yi)年市场规模接近1000亿(yi)元；如果再(zai)考(kao)虑到(dao)存量建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的改造需求，光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)体(ti)(ti)化(hua)总(zong)市场长期空间将达到(dao)万亿(yi)级别(bie)。一(yi)家集投资、研(yan)发(fa)、 设(she)计、建(jian)(jian)设(she)、运维于一(yi)体(ti)(ti)的光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)新(xin)能(neng)源企业。吉林光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)材优缺点

建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)一体化BIPV(BuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics)是(shi)(shi)应(ying)用(yong)太阳能发电的(de)一种(zhong)新概念：在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)维护结(jie)构外表面(mian)结(jie)合建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料形成光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)与建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)结(jie)合，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)发电提供电力。目(mu)前，在(zai)(zai)新建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中系统(tong)集成绿色智(zhi)能发电系统(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，已成为各国的(de)共识，也是(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)发展的(de)趋势。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)型光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)，让(rang)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)融(rong)入(ru)设(she)计、融(rong)入(ru)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)，融(rong)入(ru)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)，成为建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基本功能的(de)一部分(fen)。根据这一设(she)想，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)化的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)产业到底有多大呢?是(shi)(shi)个小(xiao)众市(shi)场(chang)还是(shi)(shi)未来(lai)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)流市(shi)场(chang)呢?我们从现(xian)行组件(jian)組串(chuan)技术应(ying)用(yong)于屋(wu)面(mian)分(fen)布式发电的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要技术痛点说起(qi)。福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)太阳能发电建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)供应(ying)商光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)支架是(shi)(shi)支撑(cheng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)组件(jian)的(de)“骨(gu)骼”。

基于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)积(ji)的(de)(de)(de)测(ce)算(suan)表(biao)明，“十四(si)五(wu)”末 BIPV 潜在增量(liang)(liang)/存(cun)量(liang)(liang)市场规模(mo)或可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)达百亿(yi)(yi)(yi)/千 亿(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)级别(bie)。截至 2019 年(nian)底，国内光电建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)应(ying)用(yong)面(mian)积(ji)约(yue)占既有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de) 1%；2020 年(nian)主要企(qi) 业 BIPV 安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)总(zong)面(mian)积(ji)为(wei) 0.04 亿(yi)(yi)(yi)㎡，约(yue)占竣工(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)面(mian)积(ji)的(de)(de)(de) 1.5%。国家(jia)(jia)能源局发(fa)布的(de)(de)(de) 《太阳能发(fa)展(zhan)“十三五(wu)”规划》提出了“到(dao) 2020 年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成 100 个分(fen)布式光伏应(ying)用(yong)示范区(qu)， 园区(qu)内 80%的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)屋顶(ding)、50%的(de)(de)(de)已有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)屋顶(ding)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)光伏发(fa)电”的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)标(biao)。若保守估(gu)计(ji)， 假设“十四(si)五(wu)”仍延(yan)续(xu)这(zhei)一发(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)标(biao)，以此为(wei) BIPV 未来渗透率(lv)增长测(ce)算(suan)依(yi)据，存(cun)量(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu) 改造比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)和(he)新(xin)增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)均按指数式增长，预(yu)计(ji) 2021-25E 存(cun)量(liang)(liang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)年(nian)改造比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)为(wei) 2/4/7/13/24%，新(xin)增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li)为(wei) 3/7/16/36/80%。根(gen)据国家(jia)(jia)统计(ji)局发(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)数据，我国 既有建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)总(zong)面(mian)积(ji) 600 亿(yi)(yi)(yi)㎡，近年(nian)年(nian)竣工(gong)面(mian)积(ji)约(yue) 40 亿(yi)(yi)(yi)㎡，按建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物平均层数 6 层，屋面(mian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)(li) 30%（考(kao)虑机房、消防等附属设施(shi)占地）计(ji)算(suan)，考(kao)虑 BIPV 系(xi)统价格年(nian)均 4%的(de)(de)(de) 降幅(fu)，预(yu)计(ji)到(dao) 2025 年(nian)存(cun)量(liang)(liang)/增量(liang)(liang)潜在市场规模(mo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)达 3679/815 亿(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)。

好的(de)(de)(de)(de)商业模式(shi)可平衡多方(fang)利益(yi)，多方(fang)利益(yi)交融。建设(she)投(tou)(tou)资方(fang)更看重企(qi)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)稳(wen)定性：使(shi)用(yong)方(fang)面，希望(wang)(wang)企(qi)业主不(bu)干扰(rao)电(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常运(yun)(yun)行，以及(ji)对电(dian)(dian)站供(gong)电(dian)(dian)具(ju)备一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制权(quan)，防止延期(qi)付款及(ji)以货抵(di)债等不(bu)良情(qing)况的(de)(de)(de)(de)发生；投(tou)(tou)资方(fang)面，希望(wang)(wang)实(shi)现一体化的(de)(de)(de)(de)同时，保证电(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)稳(wen)定运(yun)(yun)转(zhuan)和建筑持续使(shi)用(yong)，获得更好收(shou)益(yi)率，以及(ji)希望(wang)(wang)企(qi)业能(neng)长期(qi)稳(wen)定运(yun)(yun)行，具(ju)有(you)可持续的(de)(de)(de)(de)现金(jin)流(liu)，有(you)能(neng)力按时支付运(yun)(yun)行期(qi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)租金(jin)及(ji)费用(yong)，达成良性合作模式(shi)，以获得长期(qi)稳(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)入。金(jin)贝能(neng)源BIPV 作为(wei)当前(qian)(qian)分布式(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)发电(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主流(liu)形式(shi)具(ju)有(you)更为(wei)广阔的(de)(de)(de)(de)发 展(zhan)前(qian)(qian)景。

分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)成为新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)主力(li)(li)，BIPV极具(ju)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)长(zhang)潜质(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集中式(shi)与(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)并(bing)(bing)举趋(qu)势明显，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)成为新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)主力(li)(li)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)产业(ye)链终端应(ying)用(yong)市场，根(gen)据电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)规模、和用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)离、接入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压等(deng)级等(deng)不同可以分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为集中式(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。集中式(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)是在荒漠(mo)地(di)(di)区构(gou)建(jian)大型光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)利(li)用(yong)荒漠(mo)地(di)(di)区丰富和相对稳定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太阳能(neng)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，接入高压输电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系统供(gong)给远距(ju)离负(fu)荷。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)主要(yao)基于分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)散建(jian)筑物表面，就近解决(jue)用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)问(wen)题，通(tong)过并(bing)(bing)网实现供(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)差(cha)额的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)补(bu)偿与(yu)外送。与(yu)集中式(shi)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)相比(bi)(bi)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)具(ju)有投(tou)资(zi)(zi)小(xiao)、建(jian)设快、占地(di)(di)面积(ji)小(xiao)、盈(ying)利(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)强(qiang)、与(yu)用(yong)户联系紧(jin)密、政策支(zhi)持(chi)力(li)(li)度大等(deng)优势。2013年以来(lai)(lai)，我国光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)(bing)网装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)容量(liang)快速增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)长(zhang)，截至(zhi)2021年底，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)(bing)网累(lei)(lei)计装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)容量(liang)突破3亿千瓦(wa)大关，达(da)(da)到3.06亿千瓦(wa)，连续(xu)7年稳居全球**。从(cong)结构(gou)来(lai)(lai)看，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)累(lei)(lei)计装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)容量(liang)占总光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)例从(cong)2015年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14%提升至(zhi)2021年35.1%。从(cong)每年新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)(bing)网装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)来(lai)(lai)看，2021年分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)29GW，同比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速87%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)速已(yi)经远超集中式(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，约(yue)占全部新增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)55%，市场份额持(chi)续(xu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)集中式(shi)与(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)并(bing)(bing)举的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)展趋(qu)势明显。跟踪支(zhi)架在总系统成本(ben)中占比(bi)(bi)达(da)(da)到12.98%，占比(bi)(bi)次于组件成本(ben)和建(jian)安(an)费用(yong)。福建(jian)太阳能(neng)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)材供(gong)应(ying)商

光伏是(shi)今年表现(xian)为强势的(de)板块之一(yi)，也是(shi)典(dian)型的(de)周期(qi)成(cheng)长(zhang)行业。吉(ji)林光伏建材优缺(que)点

BIPV应用方向(xiang)(xiang)多样，满足用户(hu)不同(tong)(tong)需(xu)求BIPV新的(de)应用方向(xiang)(xiang)不断涌现，满足不同(tong)(tong)用户(hu)、不同(tong)(tong)场(chang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)需(xu)求。（1）按应用场(chang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)划分(fen)，BIPV包括光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)屋(wu)顶(ding)、光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)幕(mu)墙(qiang)、光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)采(cai)光顶(ding)、预制光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)墙(qiang)和(he)光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)遮阳(yang)板，屋(wu)顶(ding)资源是(shi)(shi)当下BIPV领域抢占(zhan)的(de)重点，尤(you)(you)其是(shi)(shi)结合(he)整县推进(jin)的(de)政策，屋(wu)顶(ding)BIPV产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)发展(zhan)愈发快速。（2）从(cong)技(ji)术路线(xian)来看，晶硅电池产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)业(ye)链完整，生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)设备已实现国产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)化(hua)、产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)技(ji)术自主先进(jin)、生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成本低，目(mu)前(qian)在(zai)光电建(jian)筑上占(zhan)据95%的(de)市场(chang)份(fen)额，薄膜电池虽然在(zai)转(zhuan)化(hua)效(xiao)率等方面不及晶硅电池，但其结构(gou)简(jian)单(dan)、透(tou)光性可调节(jie)、弱光性好(hao)、温度系数低等特点使得其比晶硅更(geng)适(shi)合(he)应用在(zai)BIPV上，尤(you)(you)其是(shi)(shi)在(zai)建(jian)筑立面上优势更(geng)加(jia)明显(xian)。（3）从(cong)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)表现形式来看，“建(jian)材型(xing)(xing)”BIPV是(shi)(shi)一种相对理想的(de)形式，定(ding)制化(hua)程度高、强度要求、成本高；“构(gou)件型(xing)(xing)”BIPV偏向(xiang)(xiang)标准(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，但应用场(chang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)也受限，目(mu)前(qian)主要应用在(zai)工商业(ye)厂房屋(wu)顶(ding)、防雨车棚等大(da)面积(ji)屋(wu)顶(ding)、大(da)型(xing)(xing)建(jian)筑外侧(ce)幕(mu)墙(qiang)。综合(he)考虑，未来BIPV产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)发展(zhan)方向(xiang)(xiang)将是(shi)(shi)既能做(zuo)标准(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)的(de)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，也能做(zuo)定(ding)制化(hua)的(de)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，从(cong)而(er)满足不同(tong)(tong)用户(hu)和(he)不同(tong)(tong)场(chang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)需(xu)求。吉林光伏(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)材优缺点

BIPV三大应用场景之一(yi)：工(gong)商业(ye)(ye)BIPV，浙江(jiang)金贝能源(yuan)科技(ji)有限公(gong)司的(de)光伏建筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)体化屋(wu)(wu)顶发电(dian)系统(tong)（光伏组件(jian)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)），开创性的(de)将光伏组件(jian)作为(wei)屋(wu)(wu)顶面(mian)(mian)层，这(zhei)是一(yi)种新型的(de)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)技(ji)术(shu)，它适(shi)用于新建、扩建和(he)改建的(de)工(gong)业(ye)(ye)建筑(zhu)(zhu)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)工(gong)程与民用建筑(zhu)(zhu)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)工(gong)程，这(zhei)是国(guo)内屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)光伏建筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)体化标(biao)准的(de)先发者。该系统(tong)的(de)产(chan)品拥有着百余项自主知识产(chan)权单独技(ji)术(shu)，是多(duo)项浙江(jiang)制造标(biao)准、行业(ye)(ye)标(biao)准和(he)国(guo)家标(biao)准的(de)制定者和(he)参(can)与者，截至到(dao)目前为(wei)止(zhi)累计装机面(mian)(mian)积突破600万方。

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