玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)理性(xing)质(zhi)：透(tou)明性(xing)：玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)是一种透(tou)明的(de)(de)(de)材料，能够使(shi)光(guang)线穿过(guo)并保持较(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)光(guang)率。这使(shi)得玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)成(cheng)为(wei)建筑物(wu)中(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)窗户(hu)材料，也(ye)被广泛应用于光(guang)学仪器和(he)显示器件中(zhong)。坚硬(ying)性(xing)：玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度较(jiao)高(gao)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)抵(di)抗(kang)一定的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)力和(he)摩擦。然而(er)，玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)脆性(xing)也(ye)使(shi)其容易破(po)碎，需(xu)要小心(xin)使(shi)用和(he)保护(hu)。导(dao)热(re)性(xing)：玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)是一种较(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)导(dao)热(re)材料，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有效地隔热(re)。这使(shi)得玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)成(cheng)为(wei)建筑物(wu)中(zhong)隔热(re)窗户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)理想选择，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)减(jian)少能源消耗(hao)。导(dao)电(dian)(dian)性(xing)：普通玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)是一种绝缘体，不导(dao)电(dian)(dian)。然而(er)，通过(guo)添加导(dao)电(dian)(dian)层(ceng)(ceng)或掺杂导(dao)电(dian)(dian)材料，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)制(zhi)成(cheng)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)，用于制(zhi)作触摸(mo)屏和(he)电(dian)(dian)子(zi)显示器等(deng)设(she)备。三层(ceng)(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)则是由三层(ceng)(ceng)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)构(gou)成(cheng)两个夹层(ceng)(ceng)空(kong)间(jian)。长宁(ning)高(gao)楼玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)维修方法

玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)属(shu)性(xing)：各向(xiang)同(tong)性(xing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子(zi)排列是(shi)(shi)无(wu)规(gui)则的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其分子(zi)在(zai)空间(jian)中具有(you)(you)(you)统(tong)计上的(de)(de)(de)(de)均匀性(xing)。在(zai)理想状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)下(xia)，均质(zhi)(zhi)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)理、化(hua)(hua)学(xue)性(xing)质(zhi)(zhi)（如折射率(lv)、硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、弹(dan)性(xing)模量(liang)、热(re)膨胀系数、导热(re)率(lv)、电(dian)导率(lv)等）在(zai)各方向(xiang)都是(shi)(shi)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。无(wu)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)熔点(dian)因为(wei)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)混合物(wu)(wu)，非晶(jing)(jing)(jing)体(ti)(ti)，所以无(wu)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)熔沸点(dian)。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)由(you)固(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)转(zhuan)变(bian)为(wei)液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)一定(ding)(ding)温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)区域（即软(ruan)化(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范围）内进行的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)与结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)同(tong)，没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熔点(dian)。软(ruan)化(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)范围Tg~T1，Tg为(wei)转(zhuan)变(bian)温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，T1为(wei)液(ye)(ye)相线温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，对应的(de)(de)(de)(de)黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分别为(wei)dPas、104~6dPas。亚稳(wen)性(xing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)态(tai)物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)一般是(shi)(shi)由(you)熔融(rong)(rong)体(ti)(ti)快(kuai)速冷(leng)却而(er)得(de)到(dao)(dao)，从(cong)(cong)熔融(rong)(rong)态(tai)向(xiang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)态(tai)转(zhuan)变(bian)时，冷(leng)却过(guo)程中黏(nian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)急剧增大，质(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)来不(bu)及(ji)做有(you)(you)(you)规(gui)则排列而(er)形成晶(jing)(jing)(jing)体(ti)(ti)，没(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)释出结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)潜热(re)，因此，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)态(tai)物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)比结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)态(tai)物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)含有(you)(you)(you)较高的(de)(de)(de)(de)内能(neng)，其能(neng)量(liang)介于熔融(rong)(rong)态(tai)和(he)结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)态(tai)之间(jian)，属(shu)于亚稳(wen)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。从(cong)(cong)力学(xue)观点(dian)看，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)一种不(bu)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高能(neng)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)，比如存在(zai)低能(neng)量(liang)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)转(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)趋(qu)势，即有(you)(you)(you)析(xi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)倾向(xiang)，所以，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)一种亚稳(wen)态(tai)固(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)材料。渐变(bian)性(xing)可逆性(xing)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)态(tai)物(wu)(wu)质(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)(cong)熔融(rong)(rong)态(tai)到(dao)(dao)固(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)程是(shi)(shi)渐变(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，其物(wu)(wu)理、化(hua)(hua)学(xue)性(xing)质(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)变(bian)化(hua)(hua)也是(shi)(shi)连续的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)渐变(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。这(zhei)与熔体(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)程明显不(bu)同(tong)，结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)过(guo)程必然出现新相，在(zai)结(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)温(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)点(dian)附近，许(xu)多性(xing)质(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)发生突变(bian)。虹口商(shang)务玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)检(jian)测方案玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)幕(mu)墙可以增加建筑物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然采光和(he)通风(feng)。

玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)历史与(yu)发(fa)展可以(yi)追溯到(dao)公元000年左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)古埃及和(he)古巴比(bi)伦时(shi)期(qi)。当时(shi)的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃主要用于(yu)制作(zuo)珠宝和(he)装饰品(pin)。随着(zhe)时(shi)间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)推移，人们逐渐掌(zhang)握了玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)制作(zuo)技(ji)术，玻(bo)璃制品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)种类(lei)也越来越多(duo)样化。在公元1世纪(ji)，罗马人发(fa)明了玻(bo)璃窗，使得建筑物内部可以(yi)有充足的(de)(de)(de)光线。中世纪(ji)时(shi)期(qi)，威尼(ni)(ni)斯成为玻(bo)璃制造(zao)业的(de)(de)(de)中心，威尼(ni)(ni)斯玻(bo)璃工匠们创造(zao)了许多(duo)精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)璃制品(pin)。到(dao)了19世纪(ji)，工业的(de)(de)(de)推动下，玻(bo)璃制造(zao)业得到(dao)了进(jin)一步发(fa)展，玻(bo)璃的(de)(de)(de)生产成本大幅降低，玻(bo)璃制品(pin)开始普及到(dao)大众生活(huo)中。

在(zai)生(sheng)活中我们(men)(men)经常(chang)会(hui)用(yong)(yong)到各类(lei)玻(bo)璃制品，例如(ru)(ru)(ru)玻(bo)璃窗、玻(bo)璃杯、玻(bo)璃移门(men)等(deng)。玻(bo)璃制品兼顾美观与实用(yong)(yong)，既能(neng)够凭(ping)借(jie)晶莹剔(ti)透的(de)(de)外表惹人(ren)喜爱(ai)，又能(neng)够充分利用(yong)(yong)其坚硬耐用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)性能(neng)。一(yi)些艺术玻(bo)璃甚至会(hui)使玻(bo)璃具(ju)有更多的(de)(de)图样，增强装(zhuang)(zhuang)饰效果。本篇文(wen)章中我们(men)(men)将介绍单元式玻(bo)璃幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)艺1.测(ce)量放线：测(ce)量放线的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是确定(ding)幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)准确位置(zhi)，因此(ci)，必须先(xian)吃透幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)设计施工(gong)图纸。对主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)质量（如(ru)(ru)(ru)垂直度(du)、水平(ping)度(du)、平(ping)整(zheng)度(du)及预(yu)留孔洞、埋(mai)件(jian)等(deng)）进(jin)行(xing)检(jian)查(cha)，做好(hao)记录(lu)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)有问题应(ying)提前(qian)进(jin)行(xing)剔(ti)凿处理(li)。根(gen)据检(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)结果，调整(zheng)幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)与主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)间隔距离。校(xiao)核建(jian)筑物(wu)的(de)(de)轴线和标高(gao)，然后(hou)弹出玻(bo)璃幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)位置(zhi)线。2.牛(niu)腿安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)：在(zai)建(jian)筑物(wu)上(shang)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)，首先(xian)要(yao)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)好(hao)牛(niu)腿铁件(jian)。在(zai)土(tu)建(jian)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)施工(gong)时应(ying)按设计要(yao)求将固(gu)(gu)定(ding)牛(niu)腿锁件(jian)的(de)(de)T形槽预(yu)埋(mai)在(zai)每层楼板（梁、柱）的(de)(de)边(bian)缘或墙(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)上(shang)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)图1-19所示。1-主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)钢筋(jin)混凝土(tu)楼层结构(gou)(gou)(gou)；2-预(yu)埋(mai)铁件(jian)；3-预(yu)埋(mai)T形槽当主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)为钢结构(gou)(gou)(gou)时，连(lian)接(jie)件(jian)可直接(jie)焊接(jie)或用(yong)(yong)螺栓固(gu)(gu)定(ding)在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)；当主(zhu)(zhu)体(ti)(ti)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)为钢筋(jin)混凝土(tu)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)时，如(ru)(ru)(ru)施工(gong)能(neng)保证预(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)位置(zhi)的(de)(de)精度(du)，可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)预(yu)埋(mai)铁件(jian)或T形槽来固(gu)(gu)定(ding)连(lian)接(jie)件(jian)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)图1-19所示，否(fou)则应(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)上(shang)钻孔安(an)(an)装(zhuang)(zhuang)金(jin)属膨胀(zhang)螺栓来固(gu)(gu)定(ding)连(lian)接(jie)件(jian)。玻(bo)璃幕(mu)墙(qiang)(qiang)表面(mian)光滑(hua)平(ping)整(zheng)，易于清洁和维护，减(jian)少(shao)了建(jian)筑外墙(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)维修成本。

幕(mu)墙(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)装：1)应(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(激光)经纬(wei)仪、水(shui)平仪、线锤等(deng)仪器工具,在主体(ti)(ti)结(jie)构(gou)上(shang)(shang)逐(zhu)层投测(ce)框料(liao)(liao)(liao)与主体(ti)(ti)结(jie)构(gou)连(lian)(lian)接点(dian)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi),X、y和(he)Z轴三个(ge)方向(xiang)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)的(de)允(yun)许偏(pian)差为(wei)。2)对(dui)于元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang),如玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)钢化玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)、中(zhong)空玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)等(deng)现场(chang)无(wu)法裁割的(de)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li),应(ying)(ying)(ying)事(shi)先检查玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)实(shi)际尺(chi)寸(cun),如与设计尺(chi)寸(cun)不(bu)符,应(ying)(ying)(ying)调整框料(liao)(liao)(liao)与主体(ti)(ti)结(jie)构(gou)连(lian)(lian)接点(dian)中(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi).或(huo)(huo)可按框料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)实(shi)际安(an)(an)(an)装位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(尺(chi)寸(cun))定(ding)(ding)制玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li).。3)按测(ce)定(ding)(ding)的(de)连(lian)(lian)接点(dian)中(zhong)心(xin)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)连(lian)(lian)结(jie)件(jian),确保牢固(gu)。4)单元(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)装宜由下(xia)往上(shang)(shang)进行.元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)框料(liao)(liao)(liao)宜由上(shang)(shang)往下(xia)进行安(an)(an)(an)装。5)当(dang)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)框料(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)(huo)单元(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)各单元(yuan)(yuan)与连(lian)(lian)结(jie)件(jian)连(lian)(lian)接后(hou)(hou),应(ying)(ying)(ying)对(dui)整幅幕(mu)墙(qiang)进行检查和(he)纠偏(pian),然后(hou)(hou)应(ying)(ying)(ying)将连(lian)(lian)结(jie)件(jian)与主体(ti)(ti)结(jie)构(gou)(包括(kuo)用(yong)膨胀(zhang)螺(luo)栓锚固(gu))的(de)预埋件(jian)焊牢。6)单元(yuan)(yuan)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)的(de)间(jian)隙用(yong)V和(he)W形或(huo)(huo)其它型胶条密封,嵌填(tian)密实(shi),不(bu)得遗漏。7)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)式(shi)幕(mu)墙(qiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)按设计图(tu)纸(zhi)要求(qiu)进行玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)(an)(an)装，玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)(an)(an)装就位(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou),应(ying)(ying)(ying)及时用(yong)橡胶条等(deng)嵌填(tian)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)与边框固(gu)定(ding)(ding),不(bu)得临(lin)时固(gu)定(ding)(ding)或(huo)(huo)明摆浮搁。玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)幕(mu)墙(qiang)可以提供室内外的(de)视觉连(lian)(lian)接，使室内空间(jian)与外部(bu)环(huan)境相互(hu)交(jiao)融，增(zeng)加空间(jian)的(de)开放感。嘉定(ding)(ding)门窗玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)(an)(an)装方法

明框玻(bo)璃(li)幕(mu)墙在构造时(shi)对(dui)玻(bo)璃(li)四边都使用了(le)铝合(he)金框架的支持连和处理。长宁高楼玻(bo)璃(li)维(wei)修方法

支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)铁件安(an)装：纵向支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)一般按(an)(an)楼层(ceng)(ceng)或竖料(liao)模数设置，横向支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)考(kao)虑(lv)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)数及(ji)房间(jian)开间(jian)尺(chi)寸，整体(ti)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)幕(mu)墙(qiang)分格均匀(yun)，高宽比(bi)例匀(yun)称(cheng)。支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)垂直，横向要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)水平，所有支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)点(dian)必(bi)须确(que)保在(zai)(zai)同一平面(mian)上(shang)。安(an)装幕(mu)墙(qiang)铝材骨(gu)架时先(xian)安(an)竖料(liao)，后(hou)安(an)横料(liao)，型材连(lian)接处(chu)均应(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)锈钢(gang)或镀(du)锌机制螺栓。型材切割与安(an)装应(ying)(ying)(ying)按(an)(an)顺(shun)序(xu)编号，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)裁制安(an)装时要(yao)(yao)分清镀(du)膜层(ceng)(ceng)（镀(du)膜层(ceng)(ceng)应(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)幕(mu)墙(qiang)的(de)(de)内侧），玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)安(an)装应(ying)(ying)(ying)先(xian)上(shang)后(hou)下(xia)(xia)，周边(bian)(bian)与框(kuang)内缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)隙适宜，胶封(feng)时要(yao)(yao)严密(mi)细致(zhi)，这是(shi)保证幕(mu)墙(qiang)水密(mi)性(xing)与气密(mi)性(xing)的(de)(de)关键。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)幕(mu)墙(qiang)防(fang)渗(shen)处(chu)理(li)：玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)幕(mu)墙(qiang)施工过程(cheng)中，应(ying)(ying)(ying)分层(ceng)(ceng)进行抗雨(yu)水渗(shen)漏性(xing)能(neng)检查，以便修补(bu)，减免渗(shen)漏的(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)。幕(mu)墙(qiang)的(de)(de)伸(shen)(shen)缩缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、温度缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、沉降(jiang)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)处(chu)必(bi)须妥善(shan)处(chu)理(li)。嵌缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)耐候(hou)硅酮密(mi)封(feng)胶注(zhu)胶时应(ying)(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意充分清洁玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)板材、玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)四边(bian)(bian)铝框(kuang)、铝合金型材及(ji)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)隙，不(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)有水、油漆、铁锈、砂(sha)浆(jiang)和(he)灰尘等，粘结(jie)面(mian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)干燥，以确(que)保嵌缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)耐候(hou)硅酮密(mi)封(feng)胶可(ke)靠粘结(jie)。耐候(hou)硅酮密(mi)封(feng)胶在(zai)(zai)接缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)内要(yao)(yao)形成两面(mian)粘结(jie)，不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)三面(mian)粘结(jie)，否则胶在(zai)(zai)受拉时容易被撕裂(lie)，失去密(mi)封(feng)和(he)防(fang)渗(shen)漏作用(yong)(yong)。玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)幕(mu)墙(qiang)伸(shen)(shen)缩缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)处(chu)理(li)：施工时必(bi)须预留伸(shen)(shen)缩缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)隙间(jian)填塞弹性(xing)好、寿命(ming)长的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)胶，使之在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)热涨冷缩中不(bu)(bu)会出(chu)现开裂(lie)、失效。长宁高楼玻(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)维修方法

本文来自(zi)海(hai)润达物联科技(ji)有限责任公(gong)司：//qfd1mz.cn/Article/38d02799934.html