现(xian)(xian)场(chang)层(ceng)(ceng)：现(xian)(xian)场(chang)层(ceng)(ceng)是DCS的(de)比较低层(ceng)(ceng)，主(zhu)要负(fu)(fu)责信号(hao)的(de)采集(ji)和(he)执行机(ji)(ji)构(gou)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制。它包(bao)括各(ge)种传(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、执行器(qi)(qi)(qi)、仪(yi)表等(deng)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)，这些(xie)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)过现(xian)(xian)场(chang)总线与控(kong)(kong)制层(ceng)(ceng)相连。控(kong)(kong)制层(ceng)(ceng)：控(kong)(kong)制层(ceng)(ceng)是DCS的(de)层(ceng)(ceng)，主(zhu)要负(fu)(fu)责控(kong)(kong)制算法的(de)实现(xian)(xian)和(he)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)协调控(kong)(kong)制。它包(bao)括各(ge)种控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)、操作站(zhan)、工程师(shi)站(zhan)等(deng)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)，这些(xie)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)过控(kong)(kong)制网络(luo)相连。监(jian)控(kong)(kong)层(ceng)(ceng)：监(jian)控(kong)(kong)层(ceng)(ceng)是DCS的(de)顶(ding)层(ceng)(ceng)，主(zhu)要负(fu)(fu)责对整(zheng)个系(xi)统(tong)进行监(jian)控(kong)(kong)和(he)管理。它包(bao)括各(ge)种监(jian)控(kong)(kong)站(zhan)、管理站(zhan)等(deng)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)，这些(xie)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)通(tong)过管理网络(luo)相连。DCS的(de)特(te)点主(zhu)要体现(xian)(xian)在(zai)以下几个方面(mian)：分散控(kong)(kong)制：DCS将控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)统(tong)分散到各(ge)个现(xian)(xian)场(chang)设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)中，减少了(le)对设(she)(she)备(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)集(ji)中依赖(lai)，降低了(le)系(xi)统(tong)故障对整(zheng)个系(xi)统(tong)的(de)影响。DCS系(xi)统(tong)已经成为了(le)一(yi)个综(zong)合计算机(ji)(ji)，通(tong)信、显示和(he)控(kong)(kong)制等(deng)4C技术的(de)完(wan)整(zheng)体系(xi)。虹口(kou)区DCSS-7-400

硬件安(an)(an)装(zhuang)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)DCS，对于各种(zhong)插件在插件箱中的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)装(zhuang)，会(hui)在逻辑顺(shun)序或物(wu)理顺(shun)序上有相(xiang)应(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)定。另外，现(xian)场(chang)控(kong)制单元通常分为基(ji)本型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)扩(kuo)展(zhan)型(xing)(xing)两种(zhong)，所谓基(ji)本型(xing)(xing)就(jiu)是各种(zhong)插件安(an)(an)装(zhuang)在一(yi)(yi)个(ge)插件箱中，但更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)时候时需要可扩(kuo)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)结构形式，即一(yi)(yi)个(ge)现(xian)场(chang)控(kong)制单元还包括(kuo)若干数(shu)(shu)(shu)字输入/输出(chu)扩(kuo)展(zhan)单元，相(xiang)互间(jian)采用(yong)总(zong)线(xian)连成一(yi)(yi)体(ti)。就(jiu)本质而言，现(xian)场(chang)控(kong)制单元的(de)(de)(de)(de)结构形式和(he)(he)配置要求与(yu)(yu)模块化PLC的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件配置是一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)。操作(zuo)站用(yong)来(lai)显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)并记(ji)(ji)录(lu)来(lai)自(zi)各控(kong)制单元的(de)(de)(de)(de)过程数(shu)(shu)(shu)据，是人(ren)与(yu)(yu)生(sheng)产过程信息交互的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)接口。典型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)站包括(kuo)主(zhu)机系(xi)统、显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)设(she)备、键(jian)盘输入设(she)备、信息存储设(she)备和(he)(he)打(da)印(yin)输出(chu)设(she)备等，主(zhu)要实现(xian)强大的(de)(de)(de)(de)显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)功能（如模拟(ni)参数(shu)(shu)(shu)显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)、系(xi)统状态显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)、多(duo)种(zhong)画面(mian)显(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)等等）、报(bao)警(jing)功能、操作(zuo)功能、报(bao)表打(da)印(yin)功能、组态和(he)(he)编程功能等等。静安(an)(an)区DCSS-7-1500操作(zuo)站记(ji)(ji)录(lu)来(lai)自(zi)各控(kong)制单元的(de)(de)(de)(de)过程数(shu)(shu)(shu)据，是人(ren)与(yu)(yu)生(sheng)产过程信息交互的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)接口。

DCS多(duo)头粘性集约(yue)性，更是(shi)因(yin)子而起之，因(yin)子而起，因(yin)子而起。操作(zuo)(zuo)员(yuan)通(tong)过(guo)操作(zuo)(zuo)站选(xuan)择各种操作(zuo)(zuo)和监视(shi)生产(chan)(chan)情(qing)况(kuang)、这个级别(bie)是(shi)操作(zuo)(zuo)人员(yuan)跟(gen)DCS交换信息的(de)平(ping)台。德克斯·克·操作(zuo)(zuo)人员(yuan)通(tong)过(guo)操作(zuo)(zuo)站来监视(shi)和控制生产(chan)(chan)过(guo)程，可以通(tong)过(guo)屏幕了解到生产(chan)(chan)运行情(qing)况(kuang)，了解每个过(guo)程变量的(de)数字(zi)跟(gen)状态。又称(cheng)上(shang)位(wei)机，功能强(qiang)、速度快、容量大。通(tong)过(guo)专门的(de)通(tong)信接(jie)口与高速数据通(tong)路相(xiang)连(lian)，综合监视(shi)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)各单元，管理全(quan)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)的(de)所有信息。这是(shi)全(quan)厂自动化(hua)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)的(de)比较高一(yi)层。只(zhi)有大规模的(de)集散控制系(xi)(xi)统(tong)才(cai)具备这一(yi)级。

把完成(cheng)不同(tong)任务(wu)的(de)(de)(de)三种控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)连在(zai)一(yi)条总(zong)线(xian)(xian)上，实现(xian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)之间的(de)(de)(de)通讯(xun)，称为控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)线(xian)(xian)。口在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)线(xian)(xian)上的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)数(shu)量不受限制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)这一(yi)条总(zong)线(xian)(xian)上除三种不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)模(mo)(mo)件以外，还有(you)DCS网络的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口模(mo)(mo)件。在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)线(xian)(xian)上，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)之间可以调用数(shu)据，使得模(mo)(mo)拟量和(he)开(kai)关量之间的(de)(de)(de)结合很好。对(dui)(dui)等(deng)于并(bing)发性(xing)并(bing)发性(xing)DCMS的(de)(de)(de)对(dui)(dui)等(deng)，对(dui)(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)对(dui)(dui)比(bi)性(xing)，对(dui)(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)，对(dui)(dui)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)，对(dui)(dui)比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)，对(dui)(dui)等(deng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)传(chuan)输(shu)速率与/0总(zong)线(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)传(chuan)输(shu)速率相类似。已对(dui)(dui)下的(de)(de)(de)点位当CPU和(he)存储器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)能力比(bi)较(jiao)强时(shi)，把开(kai)关量的(de)(de)(de)逻(luo)辑运(yun)算(suan)和(he)模(mo)(mo)拟量的(de)(de)(de)采集功能都在(zai)一(yi)个控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)中完成(cheng)，这样(yang)在(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)线(xian)(xian)上就只有(you)一(yi)种形式的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)。其(qi)通讯(xun)协议类似以太网，采用载波(bo)，令牌广播发送。过程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)级具体(ti)实现(xian)了信号的(de)(de)(de)输(shu)入、变(bian)换、运(yun)算(suan)和(he)输(shu)出等(deng)分(fen)散控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功能。

DCS与(yu)问题有(you)声有(you)据(ju)？1、前(qian)期准备工(gong)(gong)(gong)作进入系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)前(qian)，应(ying)(ying)(ying)首先(xian)确定(ding)测(ce)(ce)点(dian)(dian)清(qing)单、控(kong)制(zhi)运(yun)算方案、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)硬(ying)件配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)，包括系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)规模、各站(zhan)IO单元的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)及测(ce)(ce)点(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)分配(pei)(pei)(pei)等(deng)，还(hai)要提出对流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)图(tu)(tu)、报表、历(li)史数(shu)据(ju)库(ku)、追忆(yi)库(ku)等(deng)的(de)(de)设(she)计(ji)要求(qiu)(qiu)。2、建立(li)目标(biao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在正式进行(xing)(xing)应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)前(qian)，必(bi)须针对该(gai)(gai)应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)义(yi)一(yi)个工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名，该(gai)(gai)目标(biao)过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建立(li)后(hou)，便建立(li)起了(le)(le)该(gai)(gai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)数(shu)据(ju)目录。3、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)设(she)备应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)硬(ying)件配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)通过(guo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)软件完成(cheng)。采用(yong)图(tu)(tu)形方式，系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)网络上连(lian)接的(de)(de)每一(yi)种设(she)备都与(yu)一(yi)种基(ji)本图(tu)(tu)形对应(ying)(ying)(ying)。在进行(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)设(she)备组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)之(zhi)前(qian)必(bi)须在数(shu)据(ju)库(ku)总控(kong)中(zhong)(zhong)创建相应(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。4、数(shu)据(ju)库(ku)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)数(shu)据(ju)库(ku)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)就是(shi)(shi)定(ding)义(yi)和编辑系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)各站(zhan)的(de)(de)点(dian)(dian)信(xin)息(xi)，这是(shi)(shi)形成(cheng)整(zheng)个应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)基(ji)础。在MACS系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)两类点(dian)(dian)，一(yi)类是(shi)(shi)实(shi)(shi)际的(de)(de)物(wu)理(li)(li)测(ce)(ce)点(dian)(dian)，存在于现(xian)场控(kong)制(zhi)站(zhan)和通信(xin)站(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)，点(dian)(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)包含了(le)(le)测(ce)(ce)点(dian)(dian)类型、物(wu)理(li)(li)地(di)址、信(xin)号处理(li)(li)和显(xian)(xian)示方式等(deng)信(xin)息(xi)；一(yi)类是(shi)(shi)虚拟量点(dian)(dian)，同实(shi)(shi)际物(wu)理(li)(li)测(ce)(ce)点(dian)(dian)相比，差别*在于没有(you)与(yu)物(wu)理(li)(li)位置(zhi)相关(guan)的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)，可在控(kong)制(zhi)算法(fa)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)和图(tu)(tu)形组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)。5、控(kong)制(zhi)算法(fa)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)在完成(cheng)数(shu)据(ju)库(ku)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)后(hou)就可以进行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)算法(fa)组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)。直流(liu)共和1131-3要求(qiu)(qiu)5要求(qiu)(qiu)：、图(tu)(tu)形、报表组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)图(tu)(tu)形组(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)态(tai)包括背景图(tu)(tu)定(ding)义(yi)和动态(tai)点(dian)(dian)定(ding)义(yi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)动态(tai)点(dian)(dian)动态(tai)显(xian)(xian)示其(qi)实(shi)(shi)时值或历(li)史变(bian)化情况。向实(shi)(shi)现(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、运(yun)行(xing)(xing)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、计(ji)划体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、管(guan)理(li)(li)体(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)综合自动化方向发展。虹口(kou)区DCSS-7-300

提高装置的管(guan)理水平(ping)，提高故障分析的科学性和生(sheng)产(chan)管(guan)理标准(zhun)化，有(you)利于劳动竞赛(sai)，挖掘生(sheng)产(chan)潜(qian)力(li)。虹(hong)口区DCSS-7-400

系统(tong)硬件配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)直接关(guan)系到(dao)DCS的(de)(de)(de)投(tou)资、应(ying)用(yong)和维护工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，有(you)些无名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)投(tou)标(biao)商(shang)或代(dai)理商(shang)，为了夺(duo)标(biao)或根(gen)据(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般标(biao)准提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)太符(fu)合**终用(yong)户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，采(cai)取不(bu)(bu)正当竞争(zheng)。例如某装(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由代(dai)理商(shang)提(ti)供DCS，基本没有(you)多(duo)少冗余(yu)量(liang)(liang)，投(tou)产一(yi)(yi)(yi)年后，工(gong)艺设备改造需要增加点数，重(zhong)新订货要花很(hen)多(duo)钱，且订货周期长，延误(wu)了开工(gong)。还有(you)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)种(zhong)倾向，某系统(tong)由**终用(yong)户(hu)自己引进，硬件配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大了30%以上，造成资金(jin)积(ji)压(ya)。这两(liang)种(zhong)极端都应(ying)避免(mian)。对于新装(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，冗余(yu)量(liang)(liang)要适当大一(yi)(yi)(yi)些，如是改造，就可(ke)以少留一(yi)(yi)(yi)些余(yu)量(liang)(liang)。操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)站不(bu)(bu)应(ying)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)过多(duo)，如果(guo)根(gen)据(ju)使用(yong)常规仪表的(de)(de)(de)习惯划分操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)岗位，等到(dao)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)员熟悉几个(ge)月后，一(yi)(yi)(yi)定会(hui)有(you)闲(xian)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)站。但也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)太少，例如某系统(tong)外(wai)商(shang)做的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，几千点过程输(shu)入输(shu)出，几百个(ge)回路只配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)了三个(ge)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)站（5台(tai)CRT），还不(bu)(bu)能(neng)互为备用(yong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般情况(kuang)下还可(ke)以勉(mian)强应(ying)付，但等到(dao)工(gong)艺紧(jin)急事故或DCS局(ju)部故障时，就感到(dao)特别难办。虹口(kou)区DCSS-7-400

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