在(zai)(zai)(zai)顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)比(bi)较为流行的(de)(de)有三种平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)理论：气(qi)压(ya)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)、泥水平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)和(he)(he)土压(ya)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)理论。顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)比(bi)较突出的(de)(de)特点就是(shi)适应(ying)性问(wen)题。针对不同的(de)(de)地质情况(kuang)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)条(tiao)件和(he)(he)设计要求，选用(yong)(yong)与之适应(ying)的(de)(de)顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方式，如何正确(que)地选择顶管(guan)机和(he)(he)配(pei)套辅助设备，对于(yu)顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)来说(shuo)将是(shi)非常(chang)关键(jian)的(de)(de)。经过多年(nian)的(de)(de)发展，顶管(guan)技(ji)术在(zai)(zai)(zai)我(wo)国已(yi)得(de)到(dao)大量地实际(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程应(ying)用(yong)(yong)，且保持(chi)着高速的(de)(de)增长(zhang)势头，无论在(zai)(zai)(zai)技(ji)术上(shang)(shang)、顶管(guan)设备还是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)艺上(shang)(shang)取得(de)了很大的(de)(de)进步，在(zai)(zai)(zai)某(mou)些方面甚至已(yi)达到(dao)了很高的(de)(de)水平(ping)。2001年(nian)上(shang)(shang)海隧道股份(fen)有限公(gong)司在(zai)(zai)(zai)江苏省(sheng)常(chang)州完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了长(zhang)2050m、直径2m的(de)(de)钢(gang)(gang)筋水泥管(guan)顶管(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，是(shi)已(yi)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)的(de)(de)我(wo)国比(bi)较长(zhang)的(de)(de)顶管(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)井和(he)(he)接收井上(shang)(shang)部采用(yong)(yong)人机配(pei)合开完(wan)(wan)，下部采取人工(gong)(gong)(gong)开挖作(zuo)法作(zuo)业。翔安区DN1000钢(gang)(gang)管(guan)顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)术

长(zhang)期(qi)以(yi)来，城市(shi)(shi)建设(she)(she)过(guo)程中，城市(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)路(lu)被(bei)频繁开挖严重影响了人(ren)民的生活(huo)。一(yi)项(xiang)非开挖施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技术(shu)——顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技术(shu)，不(bu)需开挖地面，并且(qie)(qie)能够穿越公路(lu)、铁路(lu)、河道(dao)(dao)、湖泊、建筑物、以(yi)及各种地下管(guan)(guan)(guan)线等，解决了市(shi)(shi)政施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)难题，而且(qie)(qie)，顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)随着(zhe)城市(shi)(shi)建设(she)(she)的发展已(yi)越来越普及，已(yi)运用(yong)到(dao)给(ji)排水、煤气、电力(li)(li)、通信等管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)法施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)就是在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑内(nei)借助(zhu)于顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)设(she)(she)备(bei)产(chan)生的顶(ding)(ding)力(li)(li)，克(ke)服管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)与周围土(tu)壤的摩擦(ca)力(li)(li)，将(jiang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)按设(she)(she)计(ji)的坡度顶(ding)(ding)入(ru)(ru)土(tu)中，并将(jiang)土(tu)方运走(zou)。一(yi)节管(guan)(guan)(guan)子完(wan)成顶(ding)(ding)入(ru)(ru)土(tu)层(ceng)之后，再下第二节管(guan)(guan)(guan)子继续(xu)顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)。其原(yuan)理是借助(zhu)于主顶(ding)(ding)油缸及管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)间(jian)、中继间(jian)等推力(li)(li)，把工(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)掘进(jin)机从工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑内(nei)穿过(guo)土(tu)层(ceng)一(yi)直推进(jin)到(dao)接(jie)收坑内(nei)吊起。管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)紧随工(gong)(gong)具管(guan)(guan)(guan)或(huo)掘进(jin)机后，埋设(she)(she)在两坑之间(jian)。翔安区DN2700水泥顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)设(she)(she)备(bei)测量时(shi)，应对仪(yi)器进(jin)行检查调(diao)整，对原(yuan)始记录作(zuo)(zuo)详细校对。

在(zai)(zai)顶进(jin)过(guo)程中(zhong)不断注浆，由于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)扰动，管道上方的(de)土体(ti)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降比较(jiao)为严重，可达(da)到10mm，成放射状(zhuang)向上扩展，并且沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降量(liang)在(zai)(zai)不断缩小；管道下方土体(ti)有(you)拱(gong)起(qi)(qi)，比较(jiao)大(da)拱(gong)起(qi)(qi)量(liang)可达(da)到9mm。不同(tong)温(wen)度(du)下处理3d玉米种(zhong)子的(de)4d平均发(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)(lv)见图1，玉米种(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)温(wen)度(du)下处理3d的(de)7d平均发(fa)芽(ya)率(lv)(lv)见图2。在(zai)(zai)开挖计算初期，地(di)表(biao)的(de)监(jian)(jian)测点沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降位移(yi)变(bian)化(hua)(hua)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)很快，随(sui)着触变(bian)泥浆的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，位移(yi)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降量(liang)变(bian)化(hua)(hua)速(su)(su)率(lv)(lv)减(jian)慢，逐渐趋(qu)于(yu)稳定(ding)值。在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)(gong)完成后(hou)，触变(bian)泥浆固化(hua)(hua)，随(sui)之对上方土体(ti)起(qi)(qi)到很大(da)的(de)支撑作(zuo)用(yong)，土体(ti)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降有(you)一定(ding)的(de)恢复，且越(yue)接近地(di)表(biao)作(zuo)用(yong)越(yue)小。管道正(zheng)上方的(de)地(di)表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降比较(jiao)大(da)，监(jian)(jian)测点按2m间距布(bu)置，在(zai)(zai)距离管中(zhong)线(xian)12m处地(di)表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降为0.03mm，几乎没有(you)位移(yi)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降；在(zai)(zai)距管中(zhong)线(xian)12m范(fan)围内施工(gong)(gong)会引起(qi)(qi)地(di)表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降，在(zai)(zai)此范(fan)围内应该(gai)加强地(di)表(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)降的(de)现场监(jian)(jian)测。

2001年8月～12月嘉兴市污水处理排(pai)海工(gong)程(cheng)一次(ci)顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)(jin)2050m超长(zhang)距(ju)离钢筋混凝(ning)土顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)，由于(yu)选择了合(he)(he)理的顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)机具型式、成(cheng)功地(di)解决(jue)了减阻泥浆运(yun)用和(he)轴线控制等技术(shu)难题(ti)，用约5个月完成(cheng)全(quan)部顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)(jin)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，创造了新的顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)记录。全(quan)长(zhang)3600m、管(guan)径为1.8米的钢管(guan)从(cong)23至25米深的地(di)下于(yu)2002年9月成(cheng)功横穿黄(huang)河，无论从(cong)顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)(jin)长(zhang)度、埋深、地(di)质条件，还(hai)是钢管(guan)直(zhi)径在国内尚属头一次(ci)。其(qi)中(zhong)比较(jiao)长(zhang)的一段位(wei)于(yu)黄(huang)河主河床上，长(zhang)达1259米，还(hai)要穿越较(jiao)厚的砾砂层与(yu)黄(huang)河主河槽，既是我国西气东输项目的关键工(gong)程(cheng)，也是世(shi)界上复(fu)杂地(di)质条件下大直(zhi)径钢管(guan)一次(ci)性顶(ding)(ding)进(jin)(jin)距(ju)离比较(jiao)长(zhang)的顶(ding)(ding)管(guan)工(gong)程(cheng)。明确工(gong)序搭(da)接、工(gong)种配合(he)(he)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方法、进(jin)(jin)度等施(shi)(shi)工(gong)安排(pai)。

施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)测量(liang)(liang)(liang)1、测量(liang)(liang)(liang)准(zhun)备(bei)工(gong)(gong)作（1）进场(chang)后对(dui)甲方(fang)提供的(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制点、水准(zhun)点和标高进行(xing)(xing)现场(chang)复测，填妥《测量(liang)(liang)(liang)复核记录》并(bing)签字备(bei)案(an)。（2）测量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制网的(de)(de)(de)布设：根据甲方(fang)所提供的(de)(de)(de)测量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制点及国家的(de)(de)(de)有关(guan)规(gui)范和有关(guan)设计(ji)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)规(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)进行(xing)(xing)，以测量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制网作为该工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)平面、高程控制和施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)测量(liang)(liang)(liang)放样的(de)(de)(de)首级控制及依(yi)据。（3）各种测量(liang)(liang)(liang)仪(yi)器、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)均(jun)应按有关(guan)的(de)(de)(de)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理规(gui)定，在使用前(qian)送有关(guan)部(bu)门(men)进行(xing)(xing)检测，取(qu)得有关(guan)持检部(bu)门(men)的(de)(de)(de)合格证书后才能使用。使用过程中有关(guan)人(ren)员应经常对(dui)所用的(de)(de)(de)仪(yi)器、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)进行(xing)(xing)自检、自校(xiao)使之保持在良好的(de)(de)(de)状态中。各分项(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，应由项(xiang)目(mu)技术负(fu)责人(ren)向参加该项(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)全体施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)员进行(xing)(xing)技术交底。集美区DN2200水泥顶管(guan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)价格

车辆进出(chu)听从现(xian)场指挥，粘土必须(xu)清洁后(hou)方可外运确保市容整洁。翔安区DN1000钢管(guan)顶(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工技术

泥(ni)水(shui)推进(jin)(jin)工(gong)法有如(ru)下特点：⑴通过刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)以(yi)及(ji)顶速(su)平(ping)衡(heng)正面土压(ya)力，调节循环水(shui)压(ya)力用以(yi)平(ping)衡(heng)地(di)下水(shui)压(ya)力；⑵采用流体(ti)输(shu)送切(qie)(qie)削(xue)入泥(ni)仓的(de)(de)土体(ti)，顶进(jin)(jin)过程中(zhong)不间断，施工(gong)速(su)度快；⑶无需(xu)地(di)基改良或降(jiang)水(shui)处理(li)，施工(gong)后地(di)表沉降(jiang)小(xiao)(xiao)。泥(ni)水(shui)式推进(jin)(jin)工(gong)法所采用的(de)(de)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)常用的(de)(de)有刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)可(ke)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)和(he)(he)偏心破(po)碎泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)。刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)可(ke)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)如(ru)需(xu)穿越建筑物(wu)、构造物(wu)、埋设物(wu)等对地(di)面沉降(jiang)要求(qiu)很小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)情况下，可(ke)采用刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)可(ke)伸(shen)(shen)(shen)缩式泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)衡(heng)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)，此种机(ji)头(tou)的(de)(de)刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)是一个直径比(bi)掘进(jin)(jin)机(ji)前壳体(ti)略小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)具(ju)有一定刚度的(de)(de)圆盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)。圆盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)中(zhong)还嵌有切(qie)(qie)削(xue)刀(dao)和(he)(he)刀(dao)架。刀(dao)盘(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)和(he)(he)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)刀(dao)架之间可(ke)以(yi)同步伸(shen)(shen)(shen)缩，也可(ke)以(yi)单独伸(shen)(shen)(shen)缩。翔安(an)区DN1000钢管顶管施工(gong)技术

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