、外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)渗(shen)漏检验措(cuo)施(shi)采用连续(xu)淋水(shui)(shui)(shui)法，可用φ20㎜的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)，采用3kpa压(ya)力水(shui)(shui)(shui)，在(zai)建(jian)筑物(wu)顶层(ceng)连续(xu)淋水(shui)(shui)(shui)6h，观察内墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)和窗边四周有(you)(you)无渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)痕迹。特别(bie)注意，外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)渗(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)具有(you)(you)反复性(xing)，不能一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)施(shi)工(gong)100%有(you)(you)效。相(xiang)关简介(jie)：在(zai)合理(li)使用和正常维护的(de)(de)(de)条件下，有(you)(you)下列情况之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，宜(yi)进(jin)行墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)整体(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)：1年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量≥800mm地区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)高层(ceng)建(jian)筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)；2年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量≥600mm且基本(ben)风压(ya)≥0.5kN/m2地区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)；3年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量≥400mm且基本(ben)风压(ya)≥0.4kN/m2地区(qu)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)保温的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)；4年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量≥500mm且基本(ben)风压(ya)≥0.35kN/m2地区(qu)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)保温的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)；5年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量≥600mm且基本(ben)风压(ya)≥0.3kN/m2地区(qu)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)保温的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)6年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量大于等于400mm地区(qu)的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)建(jian)筑外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)应采用节点构(gou)造防水(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)另注意墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)体(ti)平(ping)整度检测。松江区(qu)屋(wu)顶外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防水(shui)(shui)(shui)

确保(bao)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)施工(gong)质(zhi)量(liang)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)与外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)联系紧(jin)密(mi)，屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)节(jie)(jie)点(dian)设(she)计和施工(gong)至(zhi)关重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。《屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)工(gong)程技(ji)术规范》及(ji)《屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)工(gong)程质(zhi)量(liang)验(yan)收规范》GB50207-2002明确要(yao)(yao)(yao)求应做好一头(tou)（防(fang)水层(ceng)的(de)收头(tou)），二缝（变形(xing)(xing)缝，分格缝），三口(kou)（水落口(kou)、出(chu)入口(kou)、檐(yan)口(kou)）和四(si)根（女(nv)儿墙(qiang)(qiang)根、设(she)备根、管道(dao)根、烟囱根）等泛水部位的(de)细部构(gou)造处理。对于解决(jue)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)节(jie)(jie)点(dian)渗漏水问题，从(cong)设(she)计上(shang)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求设(she)计人员对这些部位强化(hua)处理，详(xiang)细出(chu)图。充分考(kao)虑(lv)结构(gou)变形(xing)(xing)、温差变形(xing)(xing)、干缩(suo)变形(xing)(xing)、振动等影响(xiang)，采用节(jie)(jie)点(dian)密(mi)封、防(fang)排结合、刚柔互补、多(duo)道(dao)设(she)防(fang)等做法(fa)满足基层(ceng)变形(xing)(xing)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)。从(cong)施工(gong)上(shang)，施工(gong)前(qian)应制定(ding)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)防(fang)水施工(gong)专项方案，对施工(gong)人员要(yao)(yao)(yao)详(xiang)细交底(di)，让他(ta)们(men)对操作要(yao)(yao)(yao)点(dian)做到心中有数，以(yi)确保(bao)节(jie)(jie)点(dian)防(fang)水的(de)可靠性。附近外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水其功能就是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)或构(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)在设(she)计耐(nai)久年(nian)限内。

外(wai)墙(qiang)防(fang)水重(zhong)视房屋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)墙(qiang)的(de)防(fang)水设(she)计目前，我(wo)国建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)业(ye)房屋住宅建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)设(she)计施(shi)工(gong)方面有(you)关于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)墙(qiang)防(fang)水设(she)计的(de)规(gui)范(fan)性设(she)计标准基本(ben)处于空白状况(kuang)，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)设(she)计图(tu)纸当(dang)中，不涉及外(wai)墙(qiang)防(fang)水构造的(de)相(xiang)关构造详图(tu)，也缺(que)乏有(you)关的(de)施(shi)工(gong)说明，这通(tong)(tong)常造成施(shi)工(gong)人员的(de)无所适(shi)从。可以说，外(wai)墙(qiang)渗漏作为房屋工(gong)程存在质量的(de)通(tong)(tong)病，必须引起(qi)我(wo)们的(de)重(zhong)视。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)企业(ye)应当(dang)从设(she)计环节入手，针对建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)外(wai)墙(qiang)的(de)渗漏问(wen)题，尽快(kuai)制(zhi)定出相(xiang)关的(de)审计规(gui)范(fan)、施(shi)工(gong)技术规(gui)范(fan)等。

穿过外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)管道(dao)(dao)宜采用(yong)套管，套管应(ying)(ying)内高外(wai)(wai)(wai)低(di)，坡(po)度(du)不(bu)应(ying)(ying)小于(yu)5％，套管周(zhou)边(bian)应(ying)(ying)做防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)密封(feng)处(chu)理。  7)女儿墙(qiang)(qiang)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)宜采用(yong)现(xian)浇钢筋混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)或(huo)(huo)金属(shu)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)，压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)应(ying)(ying)向(xiang)内找坡(po)，坡(po)度(du)不(bu)小于(yu)2％。当采用(yong)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)时(shi)(shi)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)应(ying)(ying)延伸至(zhi)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)内侧(ce)的(de)(de)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)线部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)；当采用(yong)金属(shu)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)时(shi)(shi)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)应(ying)(ying)做到压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)顶(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，金属(shu)压(ya)(ya)顶(ding)(ding)应(ying)(ying)采用(yong)金属(shu)配件固定。  8)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)预埋件四周(zhou)应(ying)(ying)用(yong)密封(feng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)封(feng)闭(bi)严密，密封(feng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)与防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)应(ying)(ying)连续。  9)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)空(kong)调口(kou)(kou)、通(tong)风口(kou)(kou)、设(she)(she)(she)备洞(dong)口(kou)(kou)及其他洞(dong)口(kou)(kou)，应(ying)(ying)在(zai)洞(dong)口(kou)(kou)底面(mian)设(she)(she)(she)置往室外(wai)(wai)(wai)方向(xiang)不(bu)小于(yu)5％的(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)坡(po)度(du)或(huo)(huo)采取(qu)防(fang)(fang)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)倒灌措(cuo)施(shi)。  10)设(she)(she)(she)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)窗台上(shang)、窗侧(ce)或(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)空(kong)调机(ji)位(wei)(wei)，都是外(wai)(wai)(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系统的(de)(de)重要组成部(bu)(bu)(bu)分，暴(bao)风雨时(shi)(shi)还(hai)相(xiang)当于(yu)一个小屋面(mian)，与空(kong)调机(ji)位(wei)(wei)相(xiang)邻砌体的(de)(de)根部(bu)(bu)(bu)，应(ying)(ying)设(she)(she)(she)同(tong)墙(qiang)(qiang)厚(hou)不(bu)小于(yu)200mm高的(de)(de)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)坎(kan)，这一点也是设(she)(she)(she)计和施(shi)工(gong)容易忽视的(de)(de)问题。空(kong)调机(ji)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)各层(ceng)板(ban)、侧(ce)墙(qiang)(qiang)、顶(ding)(ding)板(ban)都应(ying)(ying)采用(yong)聚合物(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)砂浆、聚合物(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)涂料(liao)(liao)作防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)层(ceng)。内部(bu)(bu)(bu)每层(ceng)板(ban)都应(ying)(ying)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)设(she)(she)(she)不(bu)小于(yu)5％的(de)(de)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)坡(po)，若外(wai)(wai)(wai)装铝(lv)合金百页窗时(shi)(shi)，窗框下口(kou)(kou)应(ying)(ying)有排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，空(kong)调机(ji)位(wei)(wei)每层(ceng)板(ban)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)应(ying)(ying)有滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)线槽，确保(bao)内部(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)积水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。内部(bu)(bu)(bu)空(kong)间(jian)不(bu)受水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)危(wei)害的(de)(de)一项分部(bu)(bu)(bu)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程。

穿(chuan)墙(qiang)管孔(kong)(kong)洞留置(zhi)和防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)外(wai)墙(qiang)穿(chuan)墙(qiang)孔(kong)(kong)洞应根据(ju)设计要(yao)求，在(zai)施(shi)工时预埋套管、预埋带孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)混凝土(tu)块(kuai)。在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)过程中需要(yao)在(zai)外(wai)墙(qiang)打(da)孔(kong)(kong)穿(chuan)管时，也可(ke)以用(yong)混凝土(tu)取芯机(ji)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)钻孔(kong)(kong)。预埋或(huo)后(hou)钻孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)穿(chuan)墙(qiang)孔(kong)(kong)洞应向外(wai)稍作倾斜，坡度一(yi)(yi)般为5%～10%，以防(fang)(fang)雨水(shui)(shui)倒灌。管壁空隙用(yong)发(fa)泡(pao)(pao)聚氨酯(zhi)进(jin)行(xing)(xing)填(tian)充密封(feng)(feng)，也可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)胶(jiao)泥进(jin)行(xing)(xing)密封(feng)(feng)。混凝土(tu)梁(liang)、柱与(yu)砌体墙(qiang)接(jie)(jie)缝填(tian)充墙(qiang)在(zai)框架梁(liang)底的(de)(de)收头处理主要(yao)有(you)两种方(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)用(yong)传统(tong)的(de)(de)斜砖顶砌方(fang)法(fa)，二是(shi)用(yong)发(fa)泡(pao)(pao)聚氨酯(zhi)填(tian)缝法(fa)。接(jie)(jie)缝迎水(shui)(shui)面刚(gang)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)：覆盖不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)300mm宽的(de)(de)热(re)镀锌钢丝网，聚合(he)物水(shui)(shui)泥防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)砂浆(jiang)；半(ban)刚(gang)性(xing)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施(shi)：粘(zhan)(zhan)贴不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)200mm宽表(biao)面覆有(you)无(wu)纺布的(de)(de)柔性(xing)接(jie)(jie)缝带，表(biao)面可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)泥砂浆(jiang)或(huo)粘(zhan)(zhan)贴面砖。再(zai)用(yong)聚合(he)物防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)浆(jiang)封(feng)(feng)口，封(feng)(feng)堵严(yan)密。无(wu)锡外(wai)墙(qiang)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)维修(xiu)价格(ge)

用膨胀(zhang)水泥砂浆(jiang)塞满(man)。松江(jiang)区(qu)屋顶外墙防水

外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水砂浆(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)，宜先做(zuo)好节点处理，再进行(xing)大面(mian)(mian)积施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)门框(kuang)、窗框(kuang)、伸(shen)出外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)管(guan)道、设备(bei)或预埋件等，应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在建筑(zhu)外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水砂浆(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前(qian)安装完毕。  4)外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水砂浆(jiang)的基层(ceng)找平(ping)层(ceng)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)整、坚实(shi)、牢固、干净，不(bu)得酥松、起砂、起皮。基层(ceng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)为(wei)平(ping)整的毛面(mian)(mian)，光滑表(biao)面(mian)(mian)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)进行(xing)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)处理，并(bing)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)按要求湿润，界(jie)面(mian)(mian)处理材料(liao)涂刷厚(hou)(hou)度应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)均匀(yun)，覆盖完全(quan)，收水后应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及(ji)时(shi)进行(xing)砂浆(jiang)防(fang)水层(ceng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。  5)聚合物水泥(ni)砂浆(jiang)防(fang)水层(ceng)宜采(cai)用(yong)压(ya)力(li)喷(pen)涂施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，每遍(bian)喷(pen)涂厚(hou)(hou)度宜为(wei)3 mm。采(cai)用(yong)抹(mo)压(ya)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)时(shi)每层(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)度不(bu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)大于5 mm，且前(qian)一层(ceng)凝结后方可抹(mo)压(ya)后一层(ceng)。  6)窗台、窗楣(mei)和(he)凸(tu)出墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)(mian)的腰线等部位上表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的排水坡度应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)准确(que)，外(wai)口下(xia)沿的滴水线应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)连(lian)续、顺(shun)直。砂浆(jiang)防(fang)水层(ceng)转(zhuan)角宜抹(mo)成圆弧形，圆弧半径不(bu)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)小于5mm，转(zhuan)角抹(mo)压(ya)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)顺(shun)直。松江区屋顶外(wai)墙(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)防(fang)水

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