管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)学(xue)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价（工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)）的(de)上(shang)(shang)级学(xue)科(ke)(ke)，这是学(xue)术(shu)(shu)界(jie)普遍(bian)认可(ke)的(de)；另外，几所(suo)长(zhang)期从事(shi)土木工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建造(zao)(zao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)院校也有(you)对其研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)；极个别院校在技术(shu)(shu)经济及(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)学(xue)科(ke)(ke)设(she)置(zhi)(zhi)该研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方向(xiang)。基于此，下(xia)面我(wo)针(zhen)对目(mu)(mu)(mu)前普遍(bian)被学(xue)术(shu)(shu)界(jie)认可(ke)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)科(ke)(ke)学(xue)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、土木工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)两(liang)个与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价（工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)）的(de)具有(you)相(xiang)关性(xing)的(de)一级学(xue)科(ke)(ke)，分别统计了2017年(nian)相(xiang)关博士(shi)、硕(shuo)士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生招(zhao)生单(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方向(xiang)，详见表(biao)(biao)1、表(biao)(biao)2。通(tong)过表(biao)(biao)1、表(biao)(biao)2可(ke)以看出：我(wo)国工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价专(zhuan)业(ye)在学(xue)科(ke)(ke)建设(she)层(ceng)面已经有(you)大量的(de)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)在招(zhao)收(shou)相(xiang)关研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)方向(xiang)的(de)硕(shuo)士(shi)、博士(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)生了。事(shi)实上(shang)(shang)，有(you)更(geng)多的(de)单(dan)(dan)位(wei)在本科(ke)(ke)、专(zhuan)科(ke)(ke)层(ceng)次(ci)招(zhao)收(shou)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价专(zhuan)业(ye)学(xue)生，如(ru)表(biao)(biao)3、表(biao)(biao)4所(suo)示。私信提问(wen)的(de)很(hen)多，但由于我(wo)平时也有(you)自己要(yao)做的(de)事(shi)情(qing)，可(ke)能(neng)不能(neng)及(ji)(ji)时一一答(da)复(fu)，请见谅!【如(ru)果你的(de)问(wen)题很(hen)具有(you)针(zhen)对性(xing)】，那么推荐使用知(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)【付费咨询(xun)】功能(neng)!谢(xie)谢(xie)理(li)(li)解(jie)!大家(jia)好，欢迎关注知(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)【工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)】专(zhuan)栏(lan)地(di)址：工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)~在本栏(lan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)里我(wo)会陆续(xu)更(geng)新与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价、工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)学(xue)科(ke)(ke)相(xiang)关的(de)文章~也非常欢迎大家(jia)投稿到本栏(lan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)！本栏(lan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)现设(she)置(zhi)(zhi)【问(wen)题提出】、【名家(jia)讲坛(tan)】、【行业(ye)视(shi)角(jiao)】、【学(xue)科(ke)(ke)视(shi)角(jiao)】、【探索争鸣】共五个板块。本栏(lan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)长(zhang)期接受【投稿】。性(xing)、复(fu)合型全过程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨询(xun)人才，是目(mu)(mu)(mu)前工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨询(xun)企业(ye)的(de)重要(yao)任务。山东工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价甲(jia)级资(zi)质公(gong)司合作加盟设(she)立分公(gong)司的(de)标准

一(yi)般由定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)管理(li)总站定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)发布市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场价(jia)格信(xin)息单价(jia)，各个工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)可以(yi)根(gen)据这些(xie)单价(jia)，结(jie)合每(mei)个工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)发生的(de)(de)(de)实(shi)际数(shu)量(liang)(liang)，计(ji)(ji)(ji)算其(qi)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)；开办(ban)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)计(ji)(ji)(ji)算考虑到各个工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)外部环境(jing)。（十）绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)计(ji)(ji)(ji)算近几(ji)年来(lai)，为(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)贯彻市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)将(jiang)上(shang)(shang)海建(jian)设(she)称为(wei)(wei)国际前(qian)列大都市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，各级(ji)的(de)(de)(de)、企业(ye)、事业(ye)单位(wei)为(wei)(wei)园(yuan)林(lin)事业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)发展，投(tou)入了(le)(le)大量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)设(she)资金，随着(zhe)园(yuan)林(lin)绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)面积的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速增长，如何计(ji)(ji)(ji)算养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾日(ri)趋突出(chu)。绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)(gong)作是绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)种(zhong)(zhong)植工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)内容的(de)(de)(de)延续，为(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)适应当前(qian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场经济的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，使绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)计(ji)(ji)(ji)算更加规范、科学、合理(li)，由市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)设(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)管理(li)总站依(yi)据"九(jiu)三"园(yuan)林(lin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)的(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)，编(bian)制了(le)(le)《上(shang)(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)园(yuan)林(lin)建(jian)设(she)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)绿(lv)化(hua)(hua)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)补充(chong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)（试行）》（以(yi)下简称"养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)"），并于一(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)九(jiu)年十二月(yue)(yue)一(yi)日(ri)起执行。园(yuan)林(lin)植物的(de)(de)(de)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，通常可以(yi)分为(wei)(wei)三个阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)。的(de)(de)(de)阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)称之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)栽植期(qi)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，该养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)期(qi)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)已(yi)包括在"九(jiu)三"园(yuan)林(lin)定(ding)(ding)(ding)额(e)子目基价(jia)中，不能再重复计(ji)(ji)(ji)算期(qi)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)。第二阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)称之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)成活率期(qi)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)，根(gen)据市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)标(biao)《园(yuan)林(lin)植物栽植技术规定(ding)(ding)(ding)》，养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)时间从的(de)(de)(de)阶(jie)(jie)段(duan)结(jie)束之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)起计(ji)(ji)(ji)算。其(qi)中当年六月(yue)(yue)份前(qian)种(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)苗木(mu)到当年九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)分为(wei)(wei)止；当年六月(yue)(yue)份后种(zhong)(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)苗木(mu)，必须(xu)到第二年九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)份为(wei)(wei)止。其(qi)养(yang)(yang)护(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)费用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)计(ji)(ji)(ji)算，根(gen)据苗木(mu)品(pin)种(zhong)(zhong)、数(shu)量(liang)(liang)。山东(dong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造价(jia)甲级(ji)资质公司(si)合作加盟(meng)设(she)立(li)分公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)标(biao)准到保证，造成经济利益(yi)无法比较大化(hua)(hua)，项目能否平顺的(de)(de)(de)进行下去也会(hui)。

包(bao)括概算(suan)、预算(suan)与(yu)(yu)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)之间的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，各分项合(he)(he)同(tong)“合(he)(he)同(tong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)”与(yu)(yu)实施(shi)结(jie)(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等。这些(xie)比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可以(yi)通过(guo)建立合(he)(he)同(tong)管理(li)台帐、建立投(tou)资目(mu)标(biao)值内容动(dong)态对(dui)比(bi)(bi)表等方(fang)法来实施(shi)。对(dui)于全过(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)咨询(xun)(xun)服务(wu)，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)除了(le)计算(suan)已发生投(tou)资的(de)(de)(de)数据，反映已完工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)，并作(zuo)计划(hua)值与(yu)(yu)实际值的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)较(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之外(wai)，还要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)分析(xi)产生偏差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)原因并提(ti)出投(tou)资控制措施(shi)意见。动(dong)态的(de)(de)(de)偏差(cha)分析(xi)还应延伸到对(dui)未(wei)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)预测(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，从而使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)预测(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)成(cheng)为不可缺乏的(de)(de)(de)内容。完成(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)审(shen)(shen)核(he)或(huo)合(he)(he)同(tong)清算(suan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。协助(zhu)业主正确编制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)报(bao)表等资料文件(jian)，协助(zhu)业主完成(cheng)财务(wu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)决算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)审(shen)(shen)核(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。提(ti)供(gong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)咨询(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)终总(zong)结(jie)(jie)报(bao)告(gao)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)验收(shou)合(he)(he)格(ge)之后(hou)，表明业主或(huo)其代理(li)人(ren)对(dui)承包(bao)商的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)接(jie)受，承包(bao)商除了(le)保修期外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)义务(wu)全部完成(cheng)。此时(shi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)应该根(gen)据合(he)(he)同(tong)中关于工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)价(jia)(jia)(jia)款的(de)(de)(de)规定及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中出现的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)减情况进行竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)及未(wei)付尾(wei)款的(de)(de)(de)计算(suan)，同(tong)时(shi)编制竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)结(jie)(jie)算(suan)和(he)合(he)(he)同(tong)清算(suan)报(bao)告(gao)，的(de)(de)(de)终提(ti)供(gong)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)咨询(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)总(zong)结(jie)(jie)报(bao)告(gao)。部分建设项目(mu)，根(gen)据国家政(zheng)策规定还可能接(jie)受的(de)(de)(de)有(you)关部门实施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)“竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)决算(suan)审(shen)(shen)计”。此时(shi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)应当为审(shen)(shen)计人(ren)员的(de)(de)(de)决算(suan)审(shen)(shen)计工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)提(ti)供(gong)帮助(zhu)。完成(cheng)业主提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)其他合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)控制服务(wu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。

输(shu)配电）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)就业前景工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)行业就业前景很好，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)是(shi)属(shu)于(yu)土(tu)木建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)，因为每个工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)会需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)预算，就这个工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作而言是(shi)必不(bu)可少的(de)(de)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)对(dui)于(yu)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)这个行业来说也是(shi)十分(fen)可观。比如在安(an)装，土(tu)建(jian)，市政等(deng)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)，都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用到造(zao)价(jia)(jia)知(zhi)识(shi)，是(shi)关(guan)乎民生的(de)(de)事情，重要(yao)(yao)(yao)而且严谨。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)考试(shi)十分(fen)严格，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)专业考试(shi)通过率较(jiao)低，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)人(ren)才(cai)比较(jiao)稀缺(que)，市场需(xu)求量大(da)(da)(da)，而市场却供应不(bu)足。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)课程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)画法几何与(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制图(tu)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制图(tu)与(yu)CAD、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)学原理(li)(li)(li)(li)、房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)学、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材料、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力学、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)结构、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)术、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)项(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)经济学、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)计(ji)价(jia)(jia)、土(tu)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)计(ji)量、安(an)装工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)术、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、建(jian)设工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)合(he)(he)同(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)质量控(kong)制、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概论、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成本会计(ji)学、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)招标(biao)与(yu)合(he)(he)同(tong)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)案(an)例分(fen)析、电工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)学、流体(ti)力学、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)电气与(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、安(an)装工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)计(ji)价(jia)(jia)与(yu)计(ji)量、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)给(ji)排(pai)水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)特点编辑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)额性(xing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)发挥工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)项(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)投资效用，其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)都(dou)非(fei)常昂贵，动辄(zhe)数(shu)(shu)百万(wan)、数(shu)(shu)千万(wan)，特大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)项(xiang)目(mu)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)可达百亿人(ren)民币。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)价(jia)(jia)个别性(xing)、差异性(xing)任何一项(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)有(you)特定的(de)(de)用途(tu)、功能和规模。因此。的(de)(de)科学管(guan)控(kong)中(zhong)，管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)层身(shen)上肩负着重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)使命。在岗(gang)位责任书的(de)(de)规范(fan)。

第(di)四阶段：21世纪以(yi)来——工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的建立(li)2003年，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)正(zheng)式成为教育(yu)(yu)部《普(pu)通高等学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目录(lu)》（1998年版(ban)）目录(lu)外专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)代(dai)码110105W。2012年，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)正(zheng)式成为教育(yu)(yu)部《普(pu)通高等学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)目录(lu)》（2012年版(ban)）目录(lu)内专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)代(dai)码120105。迄今为止工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)这(zhei)个高等教育(yu)(yu)界新兴专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)暂时没有(you)上(shang)升到一(yi)级(ji)(ji)或者二(er)(er)(er)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)硕(shuo)(shuo)士点(dian)的高度(du)。虽然工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)既(ji)不算一(yi)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，也不算二(er)(er)(er)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，但(dan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)属于一(yi)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)下设的一(yi)个研究(jiu)方(fang)向。同时，由于其(qi)介于管(guan)理(li)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)门类与(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)门类之间的交叉学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)性质，部分院校(xiao)在(zai)与(yu)(yu)其(qi)相(xiang)关(guan)(guan)的硕(shuo)(shuo)士点(dian)中开设了研究(jiu)方(fang)向。与(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)比较接(jie)近的硕(shuo)(shuo)士点(dian)有(you)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)关(guan)(guan)硕(shuo)(shuo)士研究(jiu)生学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)点(dian)分布图1学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)术型(xing)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)（academicdegree）管(guan)理(li)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)门类管(guan)理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)与(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)下设的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)二(er)(er)(er)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)硕(shuo)(shuo)士学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)点(dian)（学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)硕(shuo)(shuo)，应届(jie)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)可考）。推荐(jian)院校(xiao)：清华大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，天津大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，重庆大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，东(dong)南大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，同济大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，四川大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，西安建筑科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，天津理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，福建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院，以(yi)及各的设置的建筑大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。管(guan)理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)与(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的一(yi)级(ji)(ji)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，而工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)又(you)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)的一(yi)个研究(jiu)方(fang)向之一(yi)，因此，根据(ju)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)隶属关(guan)(guan)系，管(guan)理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)与(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)专(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)考研的优先学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。期(qi)决(jue)策、招标(biao)、竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)、评价(jia)(jia)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)序，另外，还(hai)要考核工(gong)(gong)(gong)作人员(yuan)的综合(he)。山东(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)甲级(ji)(ji)资质公司(si)合(he)作加盟设立(li)分公司(si)的标(biao)准

展，建设方招(zhao)标要求(qiu)越来越的(de)化、综(zong)合化，作为知识输出的(de)工(gong)(gong)程咨询。山东工(gong)(gong)程造价甲(jia)级(ji)资质(zhi)公司合作加盟(meng)设立(li)分公司的(de)标准

第(di)二阶段(duan)：20世(shi)(shi)纪80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期——工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)课(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)/方向(xiang)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),天津(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的开设(she)(she)了(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)这门课(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，成立(li)中国工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)概预算(suan)委员会(hui)(hui)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南方冶金(jin)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现江西理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）开办了(le)国内的个(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，由(you)徐大(da)(da)(da)(da)图(tu)教授（已(yi)故，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)天津(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)术经济(ji)与系统工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系主任）创(chuang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)我(wo)国的个(ge)“技(ji)术经济(ji)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)”（本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山东建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现山东建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）开始招(zhao)收建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)经济(ji)管(guan)理(li)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生。20世(shi)(shi)纪80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)沈阳(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现沈阳(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）开始招(zhao)收建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)经济(ji)与管(guan)理(li)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生。第(di)三阶段(duan)：20世(shi)(shi)纪80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末~90年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)——工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)/工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)与管(guan)理(li)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)的建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，三峡大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在水(shui)电行(xing)业(ye)(ye)率先开办工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中国工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)概预算(suan)定(ding)额委员会(hui)(hui)更名为中国建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)管(guan)理(li)协会(hui)(hui)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)云南工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现昆(kun)明理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）开始招(zhao)收工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)与管(guan)理(li)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安徽建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现安徽建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）设(she)(she)置技(ji)术经济(ji)本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，开始实(shi)施注册造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)师(shi)制度。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四川(chuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)（现西华大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)增(zeng)设(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方向(xiang)（本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）；大(da)(da)(da)(da)连(lian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)土木(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)专(zhuan)(zhuan)业(ye)(ye)增(zeng)设(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)方向(xiang)（本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）。山东工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)甲级(ji)资质(zhi)公司合作加盟设(she)(she)立(li)分公司的标准

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