RB辅机(ji)故(gu)障减负荷，是针对机(ji)组(zu)主(zhu)要(yao)辅机(ji)故(gu)障采取的(de)控制措施，即当(dang)主(zhu)要(yao)辅机(ji)(如给水泵、送风机(ji)、引风机(ji))发生故(gu)障机(ji)组(zu)不能带满负荷时，快速降(jiang)低机(ji)组(zu)负荷的(de)一(yi)种措施。分(fen)散控制系统(tong)的(de)运(yun)行(xing)维(wei)护的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)容包括系统(tong)在(zai)投运(yun)前应做好必要(yao)项目(mu)的(de)检(jian)查，检(jian)查合(he)格且一(yi)切准备就绪后(hou)系统(tong)上电，按照相关步(bu)骤启动系统(tong)，并(bing)验收系统(tong)各部分(fen)正常(chang)后(hou)，投入在(zai)线运(yun)行(xing)。系统(tong)正常(chang)运(yun)行(xing)后(hou)，做好日常(chang)维(wei)护工作，发现问题及时查明原(yuan)因解决(jue)处理，并(bing)根(gen)据(ju)(ju)热控系统(tong)的(de)运(yun)行(xing)工况决(jue)定(ding)热控设备的(de)投入与退出。操作站用来显示(shi)并(bing)记(ji)录来自各控制单(dan)元的(de)过程数据(ju)(ju)，是人与生产(chan)过程信息交互的(de)操作接口。金(jin)华DCS软冗余(yu)

DCS中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作站(zhan)用以(yi)(yi)完成(cheng)(cheng)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)开发、生成(cheng)(cheng)、测(ce)试和运行(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)任务，这(zhei)(zhei)就需(xu)要(yao)相应(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系统软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)支持，这(zhei)(zhei)些软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)包括操作系统、编程语(yu)言及(ji)各种工具(ju)软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。一套完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)DCS，在(zai)(zai)操作站(zhan)上运行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)应(ying)(ying)用软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)应(ying)(ying)能(neng)实(shi)(shi)现(xian)如(ru)下功(gong)能(neng)：实(shi)(shi)时(shi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)库(ku)(ku)(ku)、网(wang)络管(guan)理(li)、历史(shi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)库(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)理(li)、图形(xing)管(guan)理(li)、历史(shi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)趋势管(guan)理(li)、数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)库(ku)(ku)(ku)详细显示与修(xiu)改、记录报表生成(cheng)(cheng)与打印(yin)、人机接(jie)口控(kong)制(zhi)、控(kong)制(zhi)回路调节(jie)(jie)、参数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)列表、串(chuan)行(xing)通信和各种组(zu)态(tai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。现(xian)场(chang)控(kong)制(zhi)单元的(de)(de)(de)(de)软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)包括以(yi)(yi)实(shi)(shi)时(shi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)库(ku)(ku)(ku)为中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)巡检、控(kong)制(zhi)算(suan)法(fa)、控(kong)制(zhi)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)和网(wang)络通信等(deng)(deng)(deng)软(ruan)件(jian)(jian)模块(kuai)组(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。实(shi)(shi)时(shi)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)库(ku)(ku)(ku)起(qi)到了中(zhong)心环节(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，在(zai)(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)里进(jin)行(xing)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)共享，各执行(xing)代码(ma)都与它交换数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)，用来存(cun)储现(xian)场(chang)采集的(de)(de)(de)(de)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)、控(kong)制(zhi)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)某(mou)些计算(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)间结果和控(kong)制(zhi)算(suan)法(fa)结构等(deng)(deng)(deng)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)。数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)巡检模块(kuai)用以(yi)(yi)实(shi)(shi)现(xian)现(xian)场(chang)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)据(ju)、故障信号的(de)(de)(de)(de)采集，并实(shi)(shi)现(xian)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字滤(lv)波、单位变换、补偿运算(suan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)辅助(zhu)功(gong)能(neng)。DCS、多(duo)(duo)特性(xing)(xing)、多(duo)(duo)特性(xing)(xing)、多(duo)(duo)控(kong)制(zhi)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)模块(kuai)主(zhu)要(yao)实(shi)(shi)现(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)信号以(yi)(yi)故障处理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)输(shu)出(chu)(chu)。金华(hua)DCS软(ruan)冗余(yu)DCS可以(yi)(yi)减少工业过(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作人员(yuan)数(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)量。

DCS是(shi)一种综合(he)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)统(tong)(tong)，它必须具有丰富的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)统(tong)(tong)和检测(ce)系(xi)统(tong)(tong)画(hua)面(mian)(mian)显(xian)示功能(neng)。显(xian)然，不(bu)同的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)统(tong)(tong)，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)显(xian)示的(de)画(hua)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)不(bu)一样的(de)。总的(de)来说，结合(he)总貌、分组、控(kong)制(zhi)回路、流程(cheng)图、报警(jing)等画(hua)面(mian)(mian)，以字符(fu)、棒图、曲线等适当的(de)形式(shi)表示出(chu)各种测(ce)控(kong)参数(shu)、系(xi)统(tong)(tong)状态(tai)(tai)，是(shi)DCS组态(tai)(tai)的(de)一项(xiang)基本(ben)要(yao)求。此外，根据(ju)(ju)(ju)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)还可(ke)显(xian)示各类变量(liang)目录画(hua)面(mian)(mian)、操作指导画(hua)面(mian)(mian)、故障诊断(duan)画(hua)面(mian)(mian)、工(gong)程(cheng)师维护画(hua)面(mian)(mian)和系(xi)统(tong)(tong)组态(tai)(tai)画(hua)面(mian)(mian)。实(shi)时数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)库(ku)是(shi)DCS**基本(ben)的(de)信(xin)息资源，这些(xie)实(shi)时数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)由实(shi)时数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)库(ku)存储和管理。在DCS中，建立和修改实(shi)时数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)库(ku)记录的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有多种，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)通用(yong)(yong)数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)库(ku)工(gong)具数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)库(ku)文件(jian)，系(xi)统(tong)(tong)直接利用(yong)(yong)这种数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)格(ge)式(shi)进行(xing)管理或(huo)采用(yong)(yong)某种方(fang)法(fa)(fa)将生(sheng)成的(de)数(shu)据(ju)(ju)(ju)文件(jian)转(zhuan)换为DCS所要(yao)求的(de)格(ge)式(shi)。

冗(rong)余是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)高级(ji)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)设计技(ji)术，1:1热冗(rong)余也就是(shi)(shi)所谓(wei)的(de)(de)(de)双重化，是(shi)(shi)其中一(yi)(yi)种(zhong)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)余方式，但它(ta)并(bing)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)两个(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)简单的(de)(de)(de)并(bing)联运行，而是(shi)(shi)需要硬件(jian)(jian)、软件(jian)(jian)、通(tong)讯(xun)等协(xie)同(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)来实现(xian)。将互(hu)为(wei)冗(rong)余的(de)(de)(de)两个(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)构成一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)有机(ji)的(de)(de)(de)整体，在热备用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)方式下，其中一(yi)(yi)块(kuai)(kuai)处于工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)（工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)卡(ka)），实现(xian)系统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)数据采集、运算、控制(zhi)(zhi)输(shu)出、网(wang)络通(tong)讯(xun)等功能(neng)；而另一(yi)(yi)块(kuai)(kuai)处于备用(yong)(yong)状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)（备用(yong)(yong)卡(ka)），它(ta)实时**工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)卡(ka)的(de)(de)(de)内(nei)部(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)（即(ji)状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)同(tong)步）。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)/备用(yong)(yong)卡(ka)件(jian)(jian)之间的(de)(de)(de)正/负逻辑是(shi)(shi)互(hu)斥的(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)为(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)卡(ka)，另一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)必定是(shi)(shi)备用(yong)(yong)卡(ka)；而且(qie)它(ta)们之间有冗(rong)余控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路（又称工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)/备用(yong)(yong)控制(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)路）和信息通(tong)讯(xun)电(dian)(dian)路，以(yi)协(xie)调两块(kuai)(kuai)卡(ka)件(jian)(jian)同(tong)时而且(qie)有序地运行，保(bao)证对外(wai)输(shu)入输(shu)出特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)性(xing)，即(ji)对于用(yong)(yong)户使用(yong)(yong)而言，可(ke)以(yi)认为(wei)只有一(yi)(yi)个(ge)(ge)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)。一(yi)(yi)般在设计中，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、备用(yong)(yong)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)之间通(tong)过高速的(de)(de)(de)冗(rong)余通(tong)讯(xun)通(tong)道（串行或并(bing)行）实现(xian)运行状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)互(hu)检和控制(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)态(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)步（如组态(tai)(tai)(tai)信息、输(shu)出阀位、控制(zhi)(zhi)参数等）。DCS可(ke)以(yi)实现(xian)对大规模工(gong)(gong)(gong)业过程的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)。

精确(que)及(ji)时(shi)(shi)地(di)发现(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)后，还(hai)(hai)需(xu)要(yao)及(ji)时(shi)(shi)确(que)定故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)、分(fen)析故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)严(yan)重(zhong)性，依赖前文提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)冗余控制电路，对(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)作、备(bei)用故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)状态进(jin)(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析、比较和仲裁(cai)，以判定是否需(xu)要(yao)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)作/备(bei)用之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)状态切(qie)换(huan)。控制权切(qie)换(huan)到(dao)冗余备(bei)用部(bu)(bu)件(jian)还(hai)(hai)必须(xu)保(bao)证快速(su)、安全、无(wu)扰动(dong)。当处于工(gong)(gong)作状态的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)出现(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)（断(duan)电、复位(wei)、软件(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、硬(ying)件(jian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)等）或(huo)者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)作部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)较备(bei)用部(bu)(bu)件(jian)严(yan)重(zhong)时(shi)(shi)，备(bei)用部(bu)(bu)件(jian)必须(xu)快速(su)地(di)无(wu)扰动(dong)地(di)接替(ti)工(gong)(gong)作部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)所有控制任务，对(dui)(dui)现(xian)场(chang)控制不造成任何影(ying)响(xiang)。同时(shi)(shi)要(yao)求切(qie)换(huan)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)应为(wei)毫秒级(ji)，甚(shen)至是微秒级(ji)，这样就不会因为(wei)该部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)而(er)造成外(wai)部(bu)(bu)控制对(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)失控或(huo)检测信息失效等等。另(ling)外(wai)，还(hai)(hai)需(xu)要(yao)尽(jin)快通(tong)(tong)(tong)过网络(luo)通(tong)(tong)(tong)讯或(huo)就地(di)LED显示进(jin)(jin)行(xing)报警，通(tong)(tong)(tong)知用户出现(xian)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)和故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)情况，以便(bian)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)及(ji)时(shi)(shi)维护。DCS通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)采用分(fen)级(ji)递阶(jie)结构(gou)，每(mei)一级(ji)由若干子系(xi)(xi)统(tong)组成，每(mei)一个子系(xi)(xi)统(tong)实(shi)现(xian)若干特定的(de)(de)(de)有限目标.杨浦区DCS控制系(xi)(xi)统(tong)

DCS的(de)开发实(shi)(shi)际上就是将系统(tong)提供的(de)各种基本模块按实(shi)(shi)际的(de)需要组合成为一个系统(tong)。金华(hua)DCS软(ruan)冗余

现(xian)场控(kong)制(zhi)站用于现(xian)场信(xin)号的(de)采(cai)集(ji)(ji)处理，控(kong)制(zhi)策(ce)略的(de)实现(xian)，并(bing)具有(you)可靠的(de)冗余保(bao)证网络(luo)通(tong)信(xin)功能。通(tong)信(xin)网络(luo)连接分(fen)散控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)的(de)各(ge)个(ge)分(fen)布(bu)部分(fen)，完(wan)成(cheng)数据、指令及其它信(xin)息的(de)传递。刚(gang)果（金）"，特克斯"分(fen)散控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)的(de)软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件是由(you)实时多(duo)任务操(cao)作(zuo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)、数据库管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)、数据通(tong)信(xin)软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件、组(zu)态软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件和各(ge)种应用软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)件组(zu)成(cheng)。对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)公文集(ji)(ji)（FSSSS）等，对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、多(duo)发性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)化DCS集(ji)(ji)片集(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)智(zhi)能网络(luo)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)。DAS数据采(cai)集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)指采(cai)用数字计算机控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)对(dui)(dui)工艺系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)和设备(bei)的(de)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)参数、进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)检(jian)测(ce)，对(dui)(dui)检(jian)测(ce)结果进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)处理、记录、显示和报(bao)警，对(dui)(dui)机组(zu)的(de)运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)情况进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)运(yun)算分(fen)析，并(bing)提运(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)指导的(de)监视系(xi)(xi)(xi)统(tong)(tong)。MCS比(bi)(bi)(bi)对(dui)(dui)子对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)对(dui)(dui)比(bi)(bi)(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)并(bing)、多(duo)点性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、可比(bi)(bi)(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、可比(bi)(bi)(bi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、多(duo)自有(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)金华DCS软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)冗余

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