供(gong)应链(lian)的(de)(de)主要活动包(bao)括：1、商(shang)(shang)品(pin)的(de)(de)开发和(he)(he)制造·商(shang)(shang)品(pin)的(de)(de)规划(hua)、设计、商(shang)(shang)品(pin)化(hua)；·需求预测和(he)(he)生产(chan)计划(hua)；·商(shang)(shang)品(pin)生产(chan)和(he)(he)质量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理。2、商(shang)(shang)品(pin)的(de)(de)配(pei)送·确(que)保销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)途径，即销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)渠道的(de)(de)稳(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和(he)(he)有(you)效性(xing)；·按时(shi)配(pei)送，以JIT思想进行配(pei)送管(guan)理和(he)(he)作业；·降低物流(liu)成本(ben)，实现供(gong)应链(lian)整体成本(ben)的(de)(de)低。3、商(shang)(shang)品(pin)的(de)(de)销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)后服(fu)务·销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)，以适当的(de)(de)营销(xiao)组合策略，实现销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)；·品(pin)种齐(qi)全、及(ji)时(shi)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)补充(chong)，并保持低库存量(liang)(liang)；·销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)数据和(he)(he)销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)额的(de)(de)管(guan)理，了解(jie)问题(ti)，确(que)定(ding)活动方针。供(gong)应链(lian)管(guan)理需要考虑的(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)包(bao)括供(gong)需平衡(heng)、库存管(guan)理、物流(liu)运输、质量(liang)(liang)控制等。汕(shan)头(tou)农产(chan)品(pin)供(gong)应链(lian)成本(ben)是多少

什么是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)？从概念上来讲，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)围绕(rao)关键企(qi)业，通过对信息流(liu)(liu)、物流(liu)(liu)、资金流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)控制，从采购原(yuan)材(cai)料开始(shi)到(dao)制成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)间产(chan)品及产(chan)品、由(you)销(xiao)售网络把产(chan)品送到(dao)消费者(zhe)手(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一个(ge)由(you)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、分销(xiao)商(shang)（零售商(shang)，批发商(shang)等）直到(dao)用户所(suo)连成(cheng)的(de)(de)整体功能网链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)结构。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理是(shi)(shi)对整个(ge)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)统进行计(ji)划、协调、操作(zuo)、控制和(he)优(you)化的(de)(de)各种活动(dong)和(he)过程，目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)为了赚取利润(run)。整个(ge)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)条想要达(da)成(cheng)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)标(biao)，总结起来就是(shi)(shi)6个(ge)R：把顾客所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)正确(que)(que)产(chan)品（RightProduct），在正确(que)(que)的(de)(de)时间（RightTime），按照(zhao)正确(que)(que)的(de)(de)数(shu)量(liang)（RightQuantity），正确(que)(que)的(de)(de)质量(liang)（RightQuality），正确(que)(que)的(de)(de)状态(tai)（RightStatus），送到(dao)正确(que)(que)的(de)(de)地(di)点（RightPlace）。肇庆全球供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)公司流(liu)(liu)程供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需(xu)要考(kao)虑供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)效率(lv)(lv)管(guan)理，如(ru)优(you)化供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)流(liu)(liu)程、提(ti)高(gao)生产(chan)效率(lv)(lv)等，提(ti)高(gao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)效率(lv)(lv)和(he)降低成(cheng)本。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管理协会(hui)(ASCM,原(yuan)APICS协会(hui))给出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)定(ding)义更为完整并(bing)充满(man)现代气息(xi)：“供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)是一个(ge)全局(ju)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、用来将(jiang)原(yuan)材料转化(hua)(hua)成产品或服务(wu)并(bing)配送到(dao)用户(hu)手里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)网络(luo)，其中(zhong)(zhong)包含了(le)信息(xi)、实物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)现金(jin)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流动。”也就是说，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)是一个(ge)由客户(hu)、制造商和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商等实体(ti)构成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)网络(luo)，以(yi)及(ji)各种流程所(suo)组成，而供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)强调的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是该(gai)链(lian)(lian)条上(shang)各个(ge)企业实体(ti)之(zhi)间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)!另外一个(ge)广为人知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)模型是美国供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)协会(hui)(SupplyChainCouncil,即SCC,现已与APICS合并(bing))提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)运作(zuo)参考模型(SCOR),其中(zhong)(zhong)对供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)释是：供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)作(zuo)为目前国际(ji)上(shang)广使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一个(ge)术语(yu)，囊括了(le)涉及(ji)生产与交付(fu)产品和(he)(he)(he)服务(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一切努力，从(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商到(dao)客户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客户(hu)。

供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)指(zhi)围绕关键企(qi)(qi)业(ye)，从配套零件开(kai)始，制(zhi)(zhi)成中(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)以及产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，由销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)网络把产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)送到(dao)(dao)消(xiao)费者(zhe)手中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、将(jiang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商，制(zhi)(zhi)造商，分销(xiao)(xiao)商直到(dao)(dao)用(yong)(yong)户连成一(yi)个整(zheng)体(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)网链(lian)(lian)(lian)结(jie)构(gou)。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)经(jing)营理(li)(li)(li)(li)念是(shi)从消(xiao)费者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度，通过企(qi)(qi)业(ye)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)协作，谋求供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)整(zheng)体(ti)(ti)佳(jia)化(hua)。成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)够协调并(bing)整(zheng)合供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)动，成为(wei)(wei)无缝连接的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)体(ti)(ti)化(hua)过程。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念是(shi)从扩(kuo)大生产(chan)(chan)(chan)概(gai)念发展来的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)将(jiang)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)动进(jin)行了前(qian)伸和(he)(he)(he)后延(yan)。日本丰田(tian)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)精益协作方式(shi)中(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)将(jiang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)动视为(wei)(wei)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)动的(de)(de)(de)(de)有机组成部分而(er)加以控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)协调。哈理(li)(li)(li)(li)森(sen)（Harrison）将(jiang)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)定义(yi)为(wei)(wei)：“供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)执(zhi)行采购原材料，将(jiang)它(ta)们转(zhuan)换为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)成品(pin)，并(bing)且将(jiang)成品(pin)销(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)到(dao)(dao)用(yong)(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)网链(lian)(lian)(lian)。”美国的(de)(de)(de)(de)史蒂文斯(si)（Stevens）认为(wei)(wei)：“通过增值过程和(he)(he)(he)分销(xiao)(xiao)渠道控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)从供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商到(dao)(dao)用(yong)(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)流就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)，它(ta)开(kai)始于供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)源点，结(jie)束(shu)于消(xiao)费的(de)(de)(de)(de)终点。”因此，供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)通过计划（Plan）、获得(de)（Obtain）、存储（Store）、分销(xiao)(xiao)（Distribute）、服务(wu)（Serve）等这样(yang)一(yi)些(xie)活(huo)动而(er)在顾客和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商之间形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种(zhong)衔接（Interface），从而(er)使企(qi)(qi)业(ye)能(neng)满足内外部顾客的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)需要进(jin)行仓储管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，以实现(xian)库存控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)物流协调。

供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)游企业(ye)(ye)为了谋求各自收益(yi)大化，在(zai)单(dan)独(du)决(jue)策的(de)(de)过(guo)程中确定的(de)(de)产(chan)品价格高(gao)于其生(sheng)产(chan)边际(ji)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)现象。如(ru)果(guo)下(xia)(xia)游企业(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)定价过(guo)高(gao)，必然会(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)市(shi)场需求的(de)(de)萎(wei)缩，导致(zhi)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)总体(ti)收益(yi)下(xia)(xia)降。原(yuan)因：企业(ye)(ye)个体(ti)利益(yi)大化的(de)(de)目(mu)标和整体(ti)利益(yi)大化的(de)(de)目(mu)标不一致(zhi)。没有体(ti)现供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)共担风险的(de)(de)原(yuan)则。影(ying)响(xiang)：如(ru)果(guo)不能很(hen)好解决(jue)，供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)绩效(xiao)水平会(hui)大打折扣(kou)，进而影(ying)响(xiang)人(ren)们实施供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)信心。方法(fa)：供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)（回(hui)购(gou)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)、收入共享契约(yue)(yue)(yue)、数量(liang)折扣(kou)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)、小购(gou)买(mai)数量(liang)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)、数量(liang)柔性(xing)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)；质(zhi)量(liang)担保契约(yue)(yue)(yue)）供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)契约(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)作用：1.减少长(zhang)鞭效(xiao)应(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang);2,实现供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)系(xi)统的(de)(de)协调，消除双重边际(ji)效(xiao)应(ying)(ying)(ying)；3.增强供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)成(cheng)员的(de)(de)合作关(guan)系(xi)。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)需要进行环(huan)境管(guan)(guan)理(li)，以保护环(huan)境和实现可持续发展。珠海(hai)农产(chan)品供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)公司

供(gong)应链管理需要(yao)进行财(cai)务管理，以实现财(cai)务控制和风险(xian)管理。汕头农产品供(gong)应链成本(ben)是多(duo)少

高效(xiao)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)可以帮助(zhu)改(gai)善沟通，因为它可以帮助(zhu)公(gong)司更(geng)有(you)效(xiao)地协调(diao)其活动(dong)。通过(guo)对材(cai)料如何(he)流经(jing)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)制定(ding)明确的(de)(de)计划(hua)，公(gong)司可以避免(mian)任何(he)可能影响沟通的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)断(duan)。此外，使用(yong)技术(shu)跟(gen)踪货物和监控库存水平可以帮助(zhu)确保材(cai)料在需(xu)要时可用(yong)，并(bing)确保产品按时交付。总体而(er)言，有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理系(xi)统有(you)助(zhu)于公(gong)司所有(you)成员之间更(geng)好的(de)(de)沟通。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理不单单是(shi)将产品从A点(dian)送到(dao)B点(dian)。这也是(shi)为了在此过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上好的(de)(de)客户服(fu)务。通过(guo)了解和管(guan)理供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)各个步骤，公(gong)司可以确保他(ta)们的(de)(de)客户始终对他(ta)们收到(dao)的(de)(de)产品和服(fu)务感到(dao)满意。汕头(tou)农产品供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)成本是(shi)多少(shao)

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