2.蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)涡轮(lun)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)技术：蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)涡轮(lun)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)是一种将高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)压蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)转化(hua)(hua)为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)技术，可(ke)(ke)以将工(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)废(fei)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)转化(hua)(hua)为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)。例如(ru)，在(zai)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)压的(de)(de)(de)废(fei)气(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)(tong)过蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)涡轮(lun)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)组(zu)，产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)供(gong)(gong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)或自用(yong)(yong)(yong)。3.热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)技术：热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)是一种将低温(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)转化(hua)(hua)为(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)设备，可(ke)(ke)以将工(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)低温(wen)(wen)废(fei)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)转化(hua)(hua)为(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)。例如(ru)，在(zai)食(shi)品加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)，废(fei)水可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)(tong)过热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)，产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)加热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)或蒸(zheng)煮(zhu)。二、余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)优势和(he)(he)(he)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)具有以下几个优势：1.节(jie)能(neng)(neng)减排：余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以将工(gong)(gong)业(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)废(fei)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)转化(hua)(hua)为(wei)能(neng)(neng)源，减少能(neng)(neng)源的(de)(de)(de)浪费和(he)(he)(he)环境污染，达到(dao)节(jie)能(neng)(neng)减排的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。2.经济效(xiao)(xiao)益：余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以降低企(qi)业(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源成(cheng)本，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率和(he)(he)(he)经济效(xiao)(xiao)益。例如(ru)，在(zai)钢(gang)铁(tie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，废(fei)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以降低燃料成(cheng)本，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)炉温(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量，增加企(qi)业(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)润(run)。3.社会效(xiao)(xiao)益：余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)以减少环境污染和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)(neng)源消耗，改善环境质量和(he)(he)(he)人民生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水平，具有重要的(de)(de)(de)社会效(xiao)(xiao)益。余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)再(zai)(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)围非常，涉及到(dao)钢(gang)铁(tie)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)力、建材(cai)、食(shi)品等(deng)多(duo)个行(xing)业(ye)(ye)。例如(ru)，在(zai)钢(gang)铁(tie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)炉气(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)(tong)过热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)交换器，产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)或热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)供(gong)(gong)热(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)或发电(dian)(dian)(dian)；在(zai)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)温(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)压的(de)(de)(de)废(fei)气(qi)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)(tong)过蒸(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)涡轮(lun)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)组(zu)。

余(yu)热(re)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)用的优点(dian)：提高经济性、节约燃料。镇(zhen)江质量余(yu)热(re)利(li)用系(xi)统

压(ya)缩(suo)(suo)式热(re)(re)(re)(re)泵工作原(yuan)理：热(re)(re)(re)(re)泵系(xi)统是通过换(huan)热(re)(re)(re)(re)介质，从低温(wen)(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)源吸取热(re)(re)(re)(re)量，然后(hou)在(zai)高温(wen)(wen)(wen)处(chu)释放(fang)出(chu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)量；热(re)(re)(re)(re)泵系(xi)统一般由蒸(zheng)(zheng)发器、压(ya)缩(suo)(suo)机、冷凝(ning)器和膨(peng)胀阀(fa)四大(da)部件组(zu)成。低佛(fo)点换(huan)热(re)(re)(re)(re)工质流(liu)(liu)经(jing)(jing)蒸(zheng)(zheng)发器时蒸(zheng)(zheng)发，从低温(wen)(wen)(wen)位处(chu)吸收热(re)(re)(re)(re)量，经(jing)(jing)过压(ya)缩(suo)(suo)机压(ya)缩(suo)(suo)后(hou)升温(wen)(wen)(wen)升压(ya)；然后(hou)流(liu)(liu)经(jing)(jing)冷凝(ning)器，在(zai)冷凝(ning)器冷凝(ning)中(zhong)，将从蒸(zheng)(zheng)发器中(zhong)吸取的热(re)(re)(re)(re)量和压(ya)缩(suo)(suo)机耗(hao)功所相(xiang)当的那部分(fen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)量释放(fang)；释放(fang)出(chu)的热(re)(re)(re)(re)量就(jiu)传递(di)给高温(wen)(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)源，使其温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)提(ti)高。蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽冷凝(ning)降(jiang)温(wen)(wen)(wen)后(hou)变成液相(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)经(jing)(jing)节(jie)流(liu)(liu)阀(fa)膨(peng)胀后(hou)，低压(ya)液相(xiang)工质流(liu)(liu)入蒸(zheng)(zheng)发器，如此不(bu)断往复循环，热(re)(re)(re)(re)泵系(xi)统就(jiu)能(neng)使低温(wen)(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)量连续不(bu)断地传递(di)到高温(wen)(wen)(wen)热(re)(re)(re)(re)源处(chu)。常州优势余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利用公(gong)司(si)余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)锅炉是余(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)发电系(xi)统中(zhong)的重要(yao)设备。

废(fei)热(re)(re)(re)虽然品位(wei)(wei)低，但仍(reng)然具(ju)(ju)有能量。把低温的(de)热(re)(re)(re)水或冷(leng)却水，经过热(re)(re)(re)泵做功，提升至80摄氏度(du)，在工(gong)业中(zhong)还能再利(li)(li)用。此(ci)外还能将(jiang)低品位(wei)(wei)工(gong)业余热(re)(re)(re)作(zuo)为(wei)重要热(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)补(bu)充(chong)，和热(re)(re)(re)电厂以(yi)(yi)及锅炉房一起(qi)，用于(yu)城镇集中(zhong)供(gong)热(re)(re)(re)，对于(yu)解决北方城市冬季供(gong)热(re)(re)(re)热(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)紧缺(que)、降低北方集中(zhong)供(gong)热(re)(re)(re)能源(yuan)消耗、改善冬季大气环境，以(yi)(yi)及进(jin)一步提高工(gong)业企业能源(yuan)利(li)(li)用效率(lv)都具(ju)(ju)有十分重要的(de)意义。低品位(wei)(wei)余热(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用是一个能量梯(ti)级利(li)(li)用和实现整体能效提升的(de)手段。随着技术(shu)进(jin)步，充(chong)分利(li)(li)用低品位(wei)(wei)工(gong)业余热(re)(re)(re)等低碳(tan)能源(yuan)供(gong)应(ying)低品位(wei)(wei)热(re)(re)(re)力需求(qiu)，已成为(wei)节能降碳(tan)的(de)必要路径(jing)，也将(jiang)成为(wei)我(wo)国实现碳(tan)达(da)峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)和目标的(de)重要突破口。

余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)不(bu)仅(jin)包括高位火(huo)用(yong)(yong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)，也包括了(le)低位火(huo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。在此我们可(ke)以说，余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)合理利用(yong)(yong)，乃(nai)是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合理利用(yong)(yong)的(de)重(zhong)要组(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。不(bu)难想象，一个不(bu)重(zhong)视(shi)余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)项目(mu)的(de)地区、单位，则不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)出(chu)现能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)高水平。总之(zhi)，余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)研究及完善程度乃(nai)是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)合理利用(yong)(yong)的(de)不(bu)可(ke)缺少的(de)极其重(zhong)要组(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)优化利用(yong)(yong)，是解决目(mu)前能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)紧张、环境污染、生(sheng)态恶(e)化的(de)重(zhong)要组(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。余(yu)热余(yu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)目(mu)的(de)在于提高系统能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)率(lv)，千万不(bu)能(neng)(neng)过多的(de)去干涉其范(fan)围大小及措(cuo)施来源(yuan)。利用(yong)(yong)换热器将(jiang)烟气、乏(fa)汽等余(yu)热进行回收利用(yong)(yong)到原生(sheng)产线中。

工(gong)(gong)业余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)可(ke)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)达60%，节能(neng)潜(qian)力(li)大，绿(lv)色(se)，环(huan)保(bao)。我国工(gong)(gong)业余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)丰(feng)富，余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)约(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)燃料消耗总量的(de)(de)17%~67%，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中可(ke)回(hui)收(shou)率(lv)达60%。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)非(fei)常丰(feng)富，特别是(shi)在(zai)钢铁、有(you)色(se)、化工(gong)(gong)、水泥(ni)、建材、石油(you)与石化、轻工(gong)(gong)、煤炭(tan)等行业，余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)约(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)燃料消耗总量的(de)(de)17%~67%，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中可(ke)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)约(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)总资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)60%。目前我国余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)比例低，大型钢铁企业余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)约(yue)(yue)为30%～50%，其(qi)(qi)(qi)他行业则更低，余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)提升(sheng)潜(qian)力(li)大。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)是(shi)指在(zai)现有(you)条件下有(you)可(ke)能(neng)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)而尚未回(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)能(neng)量。余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)从(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)来源(yuan)可(ke)分(fen)高温烟气(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)和冷却介质余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)等六类(lei)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中高温烟气(qi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)和冷却介质余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)比高，分(fen)别达到余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)总资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)50%和20%左(zuo)右，是(shi)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要来源(yuan)。低温余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)方式(shi)和技术(shu)。江(jiang)苏地方余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)厂(chang)家

余热的利用-什么(me)是(shi)"余热回(hui)收"?镇(zhen)江质量余热利用系统

余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)(yong)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)近日发(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《2030年(nian)前碳(tan)达峰行动(dong)(dong)方案(an)》中(zhong)(zhong)，“余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)”一词(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同章节共出现5次，可(ke)(ke)见我国在(zai)(zai)(zai)战略层(ceng)面(mian)已(yi)经对余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大价(jia)值予以重(zhong)视。余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)在(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行业(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要地位(wei)(wei)。余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)资(zi)源(yuan)普遍存在(zai)(zai)(zai)于钢铁、化工、轻工、食品(pin)(pin)生产等工业(ye)领域，是生产过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)释放(fang)出来的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)被利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)热(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。据国外研究(jiu)机构统计(ji)，工业(ye)部门在(zai)(zai)(zai)对化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，被有(you)效利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)量占40%，其(qi)(qi)余(yu)(yu)60%都终转化为了余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)。余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)按(an)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)分为高(gao)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)、低(di)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)大多(duo)通过(guo)余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)发(fa)(fa)电项(xiang)目得(de)到了回收利用(yong)(yong)。化工厂的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)温(wen)高(gao)压(ya)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)，需要使用(yong)(yong)减(jian)温(wen)减(jian)压(ya)阀，减(jian)成中(zhong)(zhong)压(ya)和低(di)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)进一步利用(yong)(yong)。这种情况下(xia)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)间加一个(ge)汽(qi)轮机，用(yong)(yong)高(gao)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)推(tui)动(dong)(dong)汽(qi)轮机做功，把压(ya)力转化为动(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，可(ke)(ke)以带动(dong)(dong)发(fa)(fa)电机发(fa)(fa)电。同时高(gao)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)也转化成了低(di)压(ya)和中(zhong)(zhong)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)，继续在(zai)(zai)(zai)工艺中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)。而低(di)品(pin)(pin)位(wei)(wei)余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)，包(bao)括热(re)(re)(re)(re)值小(xiao)于600千卡/标准(zhun)立方米的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)浓度(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)燃物(wu)，温(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)于800摄(she)氏度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)显(xian)热(re)(re)(re)(re)物(wu)体，温(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)于400摄(she)氏度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)温(wen)尾气、烟气，由(you)于温(wen)度(du)(du)低(di)、浓度(du)(du)小(xiao)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)量少，因此(ci)被当(dang)成废热(re)(re)(re)(re)，大多(duo)通过(guo)冷却(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)排放(fang)或(huo)直接(jie)排放(fang)。镇江(jiang)质量余(yu)(yu)热(re)(re)(re)(re)利用(yong)(yong)系统

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