当(dang)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)各节点企(qi)业(ye)只根据来自相(xiang)邻的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)游企(qi)业(ye)（一(yi)般称为(wei)顾(gu)客和(he)买方(fang)）的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息(xi)做出(chu)生产和(he)供(gong)给(ji)决(jue)策(ce)时(shi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)不真实性会沿着供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)逆流(liu)而(er)上(shang)，使(shi)订(ding)(ding)(ding)货量(liang)(liang)(liang)逐级放(fang)(fang)大(da)，到达源头(tou)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)时(shi)，其(qi)获得(de)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息(xi)和(he)市场上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)实际(ji)顾(gu)客需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息(xi)发生了很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)偏差，需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)扭曲将实际(ji)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)放(fang)(fang)大(da)。原因：1、需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)预(yu)测修正(zheng)：指供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)员采(cai)用(yong)其(qi)直接的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)游订(ding)(ding)(ding)货数(shu)据作为(wei)市场需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)信号时(shi)，即需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)；2、订(ding)(ding)(ding)货批(pi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)决(jue)策(ce)：指周期性订(ding)(ding)(ding)货决(jue)策(ce)或者订(ding)(ding)(ding)单推动(dong)；3、价(jia)格波动(dong)：反映(ying)了一(yi)种(zhong)商(shang)(shang)业(ye)行为(wei)，它是由于(yu)一(yi)些促销手段造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，如价(jia)格折扣(kou)、数(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)折扣(kou)、赠(zeng)票等；4、短缺博弈(yi)：是一(yi)种(zhong)现象，当(dang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)于(yu)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)时(shi)，理(li)性的(de)(de)(de)决(jue)策(ce)是按照(zhao)用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)订(ding)(ding)(ding)货量(liang)(liang)(liang)比例分(fen)配现有库存供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。此(ci)时(shi)用(yong)户就为(wei)了获得(de)更大(da)份(fen)额的(de)(de)(de)配给(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，故意地夸大(da)其(qi)订(ding)(ding)(ding)货需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，当(dang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)降(jiang)温时(shi)，订(ding)(ding)(ding)货又突然消失。方(fang)法：1.提高(gao)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)信息(xi)共享(xiang)；2.科学确(que)定定价(jia)决(jue)策(ce)；3.提高(gao)运(yun)营管(guan)理(li)水平，缩短提前期；4.提高(gao)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)能力的(de)(de)(de)透明度；5.建立战略(lve)性合作伙(huo)伴。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要进行质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)，以保证(zheng)产品质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)客户满意度。茂(mao)名(ming)农(nong)产品供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)模式有哪些

推拉(la)结合的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：推动式(shi)（供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)上游供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商一端(duan)是以预测驱(qu)动的(de)(de)(de)(de)生产和供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)）和拉(la)动式(shi)（以客(ke)户需(xu)求驱(qu)动）。供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)运行机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：1.合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（体(ti)现了战略(lve)(lve)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)伙伴(ban)关系和企业内外资源的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成与优(you)化利用(yong)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)时间的(de)(de)(de)(de)竞(jing)争和价(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)链(lian)(lian)及(ji)价(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)让渡系统管(guan)理或(huo)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)价(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理）；2.决策机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)互联(lian)网/物联(lian)网的(de)(de)(de)(de)开放(fang)性(xing)信息(xi)环境下的(de)(de)(de)(de)群体(ti)决策模(mo)式(shi)）；3.激励机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；4.自律机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；5.风险机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；6.信任机(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)扩展企业模(mo)型(xing)：“X”模(mo)型(xing)，将供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)、生产、分销有机(ji)结合，考(kao)虑产品与制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)设计(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)和供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商、分销商甚至(zhi)顾客(ke)。实现信息(xi)共享(xiang)和集(ji)成。集(ji)成化供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理理论(lun)模(mo)型(xing)：由(you)顾客(ke)化需(xu)求-集(ji)成计(ji)划-业务流程重组(zu)-面(mian)向对象的(de)(de)(de)(de)过程控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)组(zu)成控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)路（作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)业回(hui)(hui)路）；由(you)顾客(ke)化策略(lve)(lve)-信息(xi)共享(xiang)-调整适应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)-创造(zao)性(xing)团队组(zu)成第二个回(hui)(hui)路（策略(lve)(lve)回(hui)(hui)路）；在作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)业回(hui)(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)每个作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)业形(xing)成各种相应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)业性(xing)能评价(jia)(jia)(jia)与提(ti)高(gao)回(hui)(hui)路（性(xing)能评价(jia)(jia)(jia)回(hui)(hui)路）。广(guang)州(zhou)农产品供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)成本是多少供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需(xu)要(yao)考(kao)虑供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)品牌建设，如(ru)提(ti)高(gao)产品品质、树(shu)立品牌形(xing)象等，提(ti)高(gao)企业品牌价(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和市(shi)场竞(jing)争力。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)指围绕关(guan)键企业，从(cong)(cong)配套零(ling)件开始，制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)品(pin)以及产(chan)(chan)品(pin)，由(you)销售网络(luo)把产(chan)(chan)品(pin)送到(dao)消费者手(shou)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、将供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)，制(zhi)(zhi)造商(shang)(shang)，分(fen)销商(shang)(shang)直到(dao)用(yong)户(hu)连(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)个整体的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)网链(lian)(lian)(lian)结(jie)构。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)经营(ying)理(li)念(nian)是(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)消费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度，通过(guo)(guo)(guo)企业间的(de)(de)(de)(de)协(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)，谋求(qiu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)整体佳化。成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)(neng)够协(xie)调(diao)并(bing)整合供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)动(dong)，成(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)(wei)无(wu)缝连(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)体化过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)是(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)扩(kuo)大生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)概念(nian)发展来的(de)(de)(de)(de)，它将企业的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)活(huo)动(dong)进行了前伸和(he)后延。日(ri)本丰田公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)益协(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)方式中(zhong)(zhong)就将供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)动(dong)视为(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)活(huo)动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有机组成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)而(er)加以控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)协(xie)调(diao)。哈理(li)森（Harrison）将供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)定(ding)义为(wei)(wei)：“供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)(shi)执行采(cai)购原材(cai)料，将它们转换为(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)间产(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)，并(bing)且将成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)销售到(dao)用(yong)户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)网链(lian)(lian)(lian)。”美国的(de)(de)(de)(de)史蒂(di)文斯(si)（Stevens）认(ren)为(wei)(wei)：“通过(guo)(guo)(guo)增值过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)和(he)分(fen)销渠道(dao)控制(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)到(dao)用(yong)户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流就是(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)，它开始于(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)源点，结(jie)束于(yu)消费的(de)(de)(de)(de)终点。”因此(ci)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)就是(shi)(shi)通过(guo)(guo)(guo)计划(hua)（Plan）、获得（Obtain）、存储（Store）、分(fen)销（Distribute）、服务（Serve）等这样一(yi)些活(huo)动(dong)而(er)在(zai)顾(gu)(gu)客(ke)和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)之(zhi)间形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种衔(xian)接(jie)（Interface），从(cong)(cong)而(er)使企业能(neng)(neng)满足内外部顾(gu)(gu)客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)。

供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链是(shi)指产(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)程中所涉(she)及的原(yuan)材料供(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)(shang)、分销商(shang)(shang)(shang)、零(ling)(ling)售(shou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)及消费者(zhe)等(deng)成(cheng)员通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)与上游、下游成(cheng)员的连(lian)接组(zu)成(cheng)的网络(luo)结构。也即是(shi)由物(wu)(wu)料获取、物(wu)(wu)料加工(gong)、并将(jiang)成(cheng)品送到用(yong)户(hu)手(shou)中这(zhei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)过(guo)程所涉(she)及的企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)部门组(zu)成(cheng)的一(yi)(yi)(yi)个网络(luo)。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链一(yi)(yi)(yi)般包(bao)(bao)括物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)、信息(xi)流(liu)(liu)、资(zi)金流(liu)(liu)四个流(liu)(liu)程。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链主(zhu)要(yao)具有(you)以(yi)下特(te)征：复杂(za)性、动(dong)态性、响应(ying)(ying)性、交叉性一(yi)(yi)(yi)般来说，构成(cheng)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链的基本要(yao)素包(bao)(bao)括：供(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)(shang)指给生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)厂(chang)家(jia)(jia)提供(gong)原(yuan)材料或零(ling)(ling)、部件的企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。厂(chang)家(jia)(jia)即产(chan)(chan)品制造业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。分销企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)实(shi)现将(jiang)产(chan)(chan)品送到经(jing)营地理(li)(li)范围(wei)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)角落而设的产(chan)(chan)品流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)代理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。零(ling)(ling)售(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)将(jiang)产(chan)(chan)品销售(shou)给消费者(zhe)的企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)即上述(shu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之外专门提供(gong)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)服(fu)务的企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其中批发、零(ling)(ling)售(shou)、物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)也可以(yi)统称(cheng)为(wei)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链管理(li)(li)需要(yao)进(jin)行信息(xi)安(an)全管理(li)(li)，以(yi)保(bao)护企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)信息(xi)资(zi)产(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)客户(hu)隐私。

供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)概念(nian)是(shi)从扩(kuo)大(da)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)概念(nian)发展(zhan)来的(de)，它(ta)将企(qi)业的(de)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)动进行了(le)前伸和(he)(he)后延。日本(ben)丰(feng)田公司的(de)精益协(xie)作方(fang)式中就(jiu)将供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商的(de)活(huo)动视为(wei)生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)动的(de)有机组成部分而加以控(kong)(kong)制和(he)(he)协(xie)调。哈理森(sen)（Harrison）将供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)定义(yi)为(wei)：“供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)执行采购原(yuan)材料，将它(ta)们(men)转换为(wei)中间产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)(he)成品(pin)，并且将成品(pin)销售到用户(hu)的(de)功能(neng)网链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)。”美国的(de)史蒂(di)文斯（Stevens）认(ren)为(wei)：“通过增值(zhi)过程和(he)(he)分销渠道(dao)控(kong)(kong)制从供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商到用户(hu)的(de)流就(jiu)是(shi)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)，它(ta)开(kai)始(shi)于供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)源(yuan)点(dian)，结(jie)束于消费的(de)终点(dian)。”因此(ci)，供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)就(jiu)是(shi)通过计划（Plan）、获得(de)（Obtain）、存储（Store）、分销（Distribute）、服务（Serve）等(deng)(deng)这样一(yi)(yi)些(xie)活(huo)动而在顾客(ke)和(he)(he)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商之(zhi)间形成的(de)一(yi)(yi)种衔接（Interface），从而使(shi)企(qi)业能(neng)满足(zu)内外部顾客(ke)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管理需(xu)要考虑供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)灵活(huo)性(xing)，如快(kuai)速响(xiang)应(ying)(ying)(ying)市场(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)、灵活(huo)调整生产(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)计划等(deng)(deng)，提高供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)灵活(huo)性(xing)和(he)(he)适(shi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)。深圳一(yi)(yi)站式供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)外包公司需(xu)要多少钱

供(gong)应(ying)链管理需(xu)要进行品质(zhi)管理，以保证产品质(zhi)量和客户满意度。茂名农产品供(gong)应(ying)链模式有哪些

供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理(li)(li)是围绕把供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制造商(shang)、仓(cang)库、配送中心和(he)(he)渠(qu)道商(shang)有(you)机结(jie)合成(cheng)(cheng)一体这个问题来展开的(de)，因(yin)此它包(bao)括企业(ye)许多(duo)(duo)层(ceng)次(ci)上的(de)活动，包(bao)括战(zhan)略层(ceng)次(ci)、战(zhan)术层(ceng)次(ci)和(he)(he)作业(ye)层(ceng)次(ci)等。1、对(dui)(dui)制造商(shang)，成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)降低(di)(di)、实现数量上的(de)折(zhe)扣和(he)(he)稳定(ding)的(de)价格(ge)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)产(chan)品质(zhi)量又降低(di)(di)库存(cun)水平、改(gai)善时(shi)间(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li)、缩短交(jiao)货提(ti)前期(qi)和(he)(he)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)可(ke)靠性。2、对(dui)(dui)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)保证有(you)稳定(ding)的(de)市场需求、对(dui)(dui)用(yong)户(hu)需求更好地理(li)(li)解、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)运作质(zhi)量、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)零部件(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)质(zhi)量、降低(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)对(dui)(dui)买主交(jiao)货期(qi)改(gai)变的(de)反应(ying)(ying)(ying)速(su)度。3、对(dui)(dui)于(yu)双方，可(ke)以有(you)效地减少成(cheng)(cheng)员之间(jian)的(de)重(zhong)复下作，易时(shi)除流(liu)程的(de)多(duo)(duo)余(yu)步骤，使供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)流(liu)程低(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、高(gao)(gao)效化。茂名农产(chan)品供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)模式有(you)哪些

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