下(xia)面(mian)分(fen)别介绍利用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)判(pan)(pan)定GTO电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)、检查GTO的(de)(de)(de)触(chu)发(fa)能力和(he)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)能力、估测(ce)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)增益βoff的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)。判(pan)(pan)定GTO的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)将万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)拨至R×1档，测(ce)量任意两脚(jiao)间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，*当黑表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接G极(ji)(ji)(ji)，红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接K极(ji)(ji)(ji)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)呈低(di)阻(zu)值，对(dui)其(qi)它情况(kuang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值均(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)无穷(qiong)大。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)迅速判(pan)(pan)定G、K极(ji)(ji)(ji)，剩(sheng)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)A极(ji)(ji)(ji)。（此(ci)处指的(de)(de)(de)模拟(ni)表(biao)(biao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子式(shi)(shi)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正极(ji)(ji)(ji)相连(lian)，模拟(ni)表(biao)(biao)红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池负极(ji)(ji)(ji)相连(lian)）光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又(you)称(cheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)触(chu)发(fa)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。国内也称(cheng)GK型光(guang)(guang)(guang)开关(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏器(qi)件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)结构(gou)通(tong)常晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)三(san)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)：控(kong)(kong)制极(ji)(ji)(ji)G、阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)K。而光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)于(yu)其(qi)控(kong)(kong)制信号来自光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)照射，没有(you)必要再引出(chu)控(kong)(kong)制极(ji)(ji)(ji)，所以(yi)只有(you)两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)（阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)K）。但它的(de)(de)(de)结构(gou)与(yu)普通(tong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)一(yi)样，是(shi)由(you)四层PNPN器(qi)件构(gou)成。从(cong)外形(xing)上(shang)看(kan)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)亦有(you)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口，还有(you)两条管(guan)(guan)(guan)脚(jiao)和(he)壳体(ti)，酷似光(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理(li)当在光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)加上(shang)正向(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)加上(shang)负向(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时，控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)等效(xiao)成的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。可(ke)(ke)(ke)推算出(chu)下(xia)式(shi)(shi)：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式(shi)(shi)中，Il为(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；Ia为(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即光(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；a1、a2分(fen)别为(wei)(wei)(wei)BGl、BG2的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)大系数(shu)。由(you)上(shang)式(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)知。逆(ni)导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)关(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)时间(jian)几微(wei)秒，工作频率(lv)达几十千(qian)赫，优于(yu)快(kuai)速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（FSCR）。品质(zhi)意大利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售厂家

故晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia≈Ic0晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)处(chu)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向阻(zu)断(duan)状态。当晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压下(xia)，从(cong)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig，由(you)于(yu)(yu)足够大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Ig流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)经(jing)(jing)NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)(jie)，从(cong)而提高其电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)(da)系数a2，产(chan)(chan)生足够大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic2流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)(jie)，并提高了PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)(da)系数a1，产(chan)(chan)生更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic1流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)经(jing)(jing)NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)发射(she)结(jie)(jie)。这样强(qiang)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)馈过程迅速进行。从(cong)图(tu)3，当a1和a2随(sui)发射(she)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)增加(jia)而（a1+a2）≈1时(shi)，式（1—1）中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分母(mu)1-（a1+a2）≈0，因此提高了晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia.这时(shi)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)完全由(you)主回(hui)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压和回(hui)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)决定。晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已处(chu)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向导(dao)通(tong)状态。式（1—1）中(zhong)，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通(tong)后，1-（a1+a2）≈0，即(ji)使(shi)此时(shi)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ig=0，晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仍能(neng)保持(chi)原来(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia而继续导(dao)通(tong)。晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)导(dao)通(tong)后，门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)已失(shi)去作(zuo)用。在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通(tong)后，如(ru)果(guo)不断(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)减小电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压或增大(da)(da)回(hui)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，使(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ia减小到维持(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)IH以(yi)下(xia)时(shi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)a1和a1迅速下(xia)降，当1-（a1+a2）≈0时(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)恢复阻(zu)断(duan)状态。特性特性曲线(xian)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压与阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)系，称为晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伏安特性，如(ru)图(tu)所示。晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)与阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)间(jian)加(jia)上正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压时(shi)，在(zai)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)制极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)开(kai)路(Ig=0)情(qing)况下(xia)，开(kai)始元件中(zhong)有(you)(you)很(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(称为正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)向漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu))流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)过。品质意(yi)大(da)(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售(shou)厂家由(you)于(yu)(yu)这种特殊电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路结(jie)(jie)构(gou)，使(shi)之具有(you)(you)耐高压、耐高温(wen)、关(guan)断(duan)时(shi)间(jian)短(duan)、通(tong)态电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压低等优良(liang)性能(neng)。

晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)模块基本的(de)(de)(de)用途是(shi)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)。二(er)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)整流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)用晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)代替二(er)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)，就可(ke)(ke)以形(xing)成可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)弦(xian)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)U2的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周内，如果vs的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)不(bu)输(shu)(shu)入触发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)UG，vs仍不(bu)能接(jie)通。只有(you)当(dang)U2处于正(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周时(shi)(shi)(shi)，当(dang)触发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)UG施加到(dao)(dao)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)才接(jie)通。现在(zai)，绘制(zhi)(zhi)其波形(xing)(图(tu)4(c)和(d))，可(ke)(ke)以看到(dao)(dao)只有(you)当(dang)触发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)UG到(dao)(dao)达时(shi)(shi)(shi)，负(fu)载(zai)RL具(ju)有(you)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)UL输(shu)(shu)出(chu)(波形(xing)上的(de)(de)(de)阴影)。当(dang)UG到(dao)(dao)达较(jiao)早(zao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)导(dao)通时(shi)(shi)(shi)间较(jiao)早(zao)；UG到(dao)(dao)达较(jiao)晚时(shi)(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)导(dao)通时(shi)(shi)(shi)间较(jiao)晚。通过改变(bian)触发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)Ug在(zai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)达时(shi)(shi)(shi)间，可(ke)(ke)以调(diao)节负(fu)载(zai)上输(shu)(shu)出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)平均UL(阴影部分的(de)(de)(de)面积)。在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工技术(shu)中(zhong)，交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)周常被(bei)设定为(wei)180度，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)。因此，在(zai)U2的(de)(de)(de)每一个(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周期中(zhong)，从零值(zhi)到(dao)(dao)触发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)到(dao)(dao)达时(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)α，每个(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)半(ban)周期中(zhong)晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角(jiao)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)导(dao)通角(jiao)θ。显然，α和θ都用来表示晶(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)半(ban)周内的(de)(de)(de)通断范(fan)围。通过改变(bian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度0或导(dao)通角(jiao)theta，可(ke)(ke)通过改变(bian)负(fu)载(zai)上的(de)(de)(de)脉(mai)冲(chong)直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)平均ul来实现可(ke)(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)器(qi)。

定义/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)(dao)(dao)通条件(jian)为：加正向(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)且(qie)(qie)门极(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)触发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；其派(pai)生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)有(you)(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)导(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一种大功率开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)型(xing)半导(dao)(dao)(dao)体(ti)器(qi)件(jian)，在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)文(wen)字符号(hao)为“V”、“VT”表示（旧标准中用(yong)字母“SCR”表示）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是(shi)(shi)一种开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)元件(jian)，能在(zai)高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)、大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)条件(jian)下工作，并且(qie)(qie)其工作过程可(ke)以控(kong)制、被应用(yong)于可(ke)控(kong)整流(liu)(liu)、交流(liu)(liu)调压(ya)、无触点电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子开(kai)(kai)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、逆(ni)变及变频等(deng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的小电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控(kong)制大电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的设备。1957年(nian)，美(mei)国(guo)通用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)公司开(kai)(kai)发出世界上个晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)产品(pin)，并于1958年(nian)使(shi)其商业化。结(jie)构/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它(ta)是(shi)(shi)由一个P-N-P-N四(si)层(4layers)半导(dao)(dao)(dao)体(ti)构成(cheng)的，中间形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)三个PN结(jie)。分类/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)断(duan)、导(dao)(dao)(dao)通及控(kong)制方(fang)式可(ke)分为普(pu)通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）、双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆(ni)导(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（RCT）、门极(ji)(ji)关(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)断(duan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、温(wen)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TT国(guo)外(wai)，TTS国(guo)内）和(he)光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LTT）等(deng)多(duo)种。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其引(yin)脚(jiao)和(he)极(ji)(ji)性可(ke)分为二极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)四(si)极(ji)(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其封(feng)(feng)(feng)装(zhuang)(zhuang)形(xing)式可(ke)分为金属封(feng)(feng)(feng)装(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑(su)封(feng)(feng)(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)陶瓷封(feng)(feng)(feng)装(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三种类型(xing)。其中，金属封(feng)(feng)(feng)装(zhuang)(zhuang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分为螺栓形(xing)、平板形(xing)、圆壳(qiao)形(xing)等(deng)多(duo)种。其派(pai)生(sheng)器(qi)件(jian)有(you)(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)导(dao)(dao)(dao)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光(guang)控(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。

图简单地给出了晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和关(guan)(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形。图中(zhong)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)程(cheng)描述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)门极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)坐标原(yuan)点(dian)时(shi)(shi)刻开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)受到(dao)理想阶跃(yue)触发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)触发(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)况；而关(guan)(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)程(cheng)描述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是对(dui)已导通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路所施加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)某一时(shi)(shi)刻突然由(you)(you)正向(xiang)变为(wei)反向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)况（如图中(zhong)点(dian)划线波形）。开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)程(cheng)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)程(cheng)就是载流(liu)子不(bu)断(duan)(duan)扩散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)程(cheng)。对(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)程(cheng)主要(yao)关(guan)(guan)(guan)注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)t。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)内部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正反馈过(guo)程(cheng)以及(ji)外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)受到(dao)触发(fa)后，其阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)只能逐渐(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升。从门极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)触发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升到(dao)额定值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)，到(dao)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升到(dao)稳(wen)态(tai)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%（对(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)阻性(xing)负载相(xiang)当于(yu)(yu)(yu)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)降到(dao)额定值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%），这(zhei)段时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)称为(wei)触发(fa)延迟时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)t。阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)从10%上(shang)(shang)(shang)升到(dao)稳(wen)态(tai)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%所需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)（对(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)阻性(xing)负载相(xiang)当于(yu)(yu)(yu)阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)由(you)(you)90%降到(dao)10%）称为(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)t，开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)t定义为(wei)两者(zhe)之(zhi)和，即t=t+t通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)与触发(fa)脉冲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)升时(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)，脉冲(chong)峰值(zhi)(zhi)以及(ji)加在(zai)(zai)(zai)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)两极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正向(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)有关(guan)(guan)(guan)。[1]关(guan)(guan)(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)程(cheng)处于(yu)(yu)(yu)导通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)状(zhuang)态(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)当外(wai)加电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)突然由(you)(you)正向(xiang)变为(wei)反向(xiang)时(shi)(shi)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)，其阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)衰减(jian)时(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)过(guo)渡过(guo)程(cheng)。阳(yang)(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)将逐步衰减(jian)到(dao)零(ling)，并在(zai)(zai)(zai)反方向(xiang)流(liu)过(guo)反向(xiang)恢复电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，经过(guo)**大值(zhi)(zhi)I后，再反方向(xiang)衰减(jian)。同时(shi)(shi)。这(zhei)类应(ying)用一般多应(ying)用在(zai)(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)试验设备(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过(guo)变压(ya)器，调(diao)(diao)整晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)角输出一个可调(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。品(pin)质意大利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售厂家

普通晶闸(zha)管（SCR）靠门极正信(xin)(xin)号触发(fa)之后，撤掉信(xin)(xin)号亦能(neng)维持通态。品质意(yi)大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶闸(zha)管模块销售厂家

具有单向导电(dian)(dian)特性(xing)，而阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A与门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)间(jian)(jian)有两(liang)(liang)个(ge)反(fan)(fan)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)串联的(de)(de)(de)(de)PN结(jie)。因(yin)此(ci)，通(tong)(tong)过用(yong)(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)R×100或R×1kQ档测(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)各引脚(jiao)之(zhi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)，即能确定(ding)三个(ge)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。具体方法是：将万(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)黑表(biao)笔(bi)任(ren)接(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)某一(yi)(yi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，红(hong)表(biao)笔(bi)依次(ci)去触碰另(ling)外(wai)两(liang)(liang)个(ge)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若测(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)结(jie)果有一(yi)(yi)次(ci)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)千(qian)欧(ou)姆(kΩ)，而另(ling)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)百(bai)欧(ou)姆(Ω)，则可判(pan)(pan)定(ding)黑表(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。在(zai)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)百(bai)欧(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)测(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，红(hong)表(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而在(zai)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)千(qian)欧(ou)姆的(de)(de)(de)(de)那次(ci)测(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)中(zhong)(zhong)，红(hong)表(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，若两(liang)(liang)次(ci)测(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值(zhi)均很(hen)大(da)，则说(shuo)明黑表(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不是门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，应用(yong)(yong)(yong)同样方法改测(ce)(ce)(ce)其他(ta)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)到找出(chu)三个(ge)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。也(ye)可以测(ce)(ce)(ce)任(ren)两(liang)(liang)脚(jiao)之(zhi)间(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，若正(zheng)、反(fan)(fan)向电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)均接(jie)(jie)近无穷大(da)，则两(liang)(liang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而另(ling)一(yi)(yi)脚(jiao)即为(wei)(wei)(wei)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)也(ye)可以根据其封(feng)装形式(shi)来判(pan)(pan)断出(chu)各电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。螺栓形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺栓一(yi)(yi)端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，较细(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引线端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，较粗(cu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引线端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。平板形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引出(chu)线端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，平面端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。金属壳封(feng)装(T0—3)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)，其外(wai)壳为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A。塑封(feng)(T0—220)的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)引脚(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，且多与自(zi)带(dai)散热片相连。晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)触发(fa)能力(li)检(jian)测(ce)(ce)(ce)：对于小功率(工作电(dian)(dian)流为(wei)(wei)(wei)5A以下(xia))的(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)R×1档测(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)。品质意(yi)大(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)模块销售厂(chang)家(jia)

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