下面分别介绍利(li)用(yong)万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)判定GTO电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、检查GTO的触发能力(li)和(he)(he)关(guan)断(duan)能力(li)、估(gu)测关(guan)断(duan)增益βoff的方法。判定GTO的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)将万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)拨至R×1档，测量任意(yi)两(liang)(liang)脚间的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，*当黑(hei)表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)G极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接(jie)K极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻呈低阻值，对其它情况(kuang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值均(jun)为无穷大(da)。由(you)此可(ke)迅速判定G、K极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，剩下的就(jiu)是A极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。（此处指的模(mo)拟表(biao)(biao)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)式万(wan)用(yong)表(biao)(biao)红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相连(lian)，模(mo)拟表(biao)(biao)红表(biao)(biao)笔(bi)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池负极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相连(lian)）光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LightTriggeredThyristor——LTT），又称光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)触发晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。国内也称GK型光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)开关(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，是一种光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏器(qi)件。1．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的结构通常(chang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)三个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G、阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。而(er)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)由(you)于(yu)其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制信号来自光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的照射，没有(you)必(bi)要再引出控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，所(suo)以(yi)只有(you)两(liang)(liang)个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和(he)(he)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K）。但(dan)它的结构与普通可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅一样，是由(you)四(si)层(ceng)PNPN器(qi)件构成。从外形(xing)上(shang)看，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)亦有(you)受光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)窗口，还有(you)两(liang)(liang)条(tiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)脚和(he)(he)壳体，酷似光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。2．光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的工作原(yuan)理当在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加上(shang)正向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压，阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)加上(shang)负向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压时，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)以(yi)等效成的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。可(ke)推算出下式：Ia=Il/[1-（a1+a2）]式中，Il为光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；Ia为光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，即光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流；a1、a2分别为BGl、BG2的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放大(da)系(xi)数。由(you)上(shang)式可(ke)知。逆导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的关(guan)断(duan)时间几(ji)微秒，工作频率达几(ji)十千赫，优于(yu)快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（FSCR）。品(pin)质意(yi)大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模(mo)块销(xiao)售厂家

故(gu)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ia≈Ic0晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)处于(yu)正向阻断状(zhuang)态(tai)。当晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)正向阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)下，从(cong)门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)G流(liu)(liu)入电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ig，由于(yu)足(zu)(zu)够大(da)的(de)(de)Ig流(liu)(liu)经NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)发(fa)射(she)结(jie)(jie)，从(cong)而(er)(er)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)其电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)系(xi)数a2，产生足(zu)(zu)够大(da)的(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ic2流(liu)(liu)过PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)发(fa)射(she)结(jie)(jie)，并提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)PNP管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)大(da)系(xi)数a1，产生更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ic1流(liu)(liu)经NPN管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)发(fa)射(she)结(jie)(jie)。这样强烈的(de)(de)正反馈过程迅速进行。从(cong)图(tu)3，当a1和(he)a2随发(fa)射(she)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)增加而(er)(er)（a1+a2）≈1时，式（1—1）中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分母1-（a1+a2）≈0，因此提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ia.这时，流(liu)(liu)过晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)完(wan)全由主回(hui)路的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)和(he)回(hui)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻决(jue)定。晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)处于(yu)正向导(dao)通状(zhuang)态(tai)。式（1—1）中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通后，1-（a1+a2）≈0，即使(shi)(shi)此时门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ig=0，晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)仍(reng)能保持原(yuan)来(lai)的(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ia而(er)(er)继续导(dao)通。晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)导(dao)通后，门(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)失去(qu)作用。在(zai)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通后，如果不断的(de)(de)减(jian)小(xiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)或增大(da)回(hui)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，使(shi)(shi)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)Ia减(jian)小(xiao)到维持电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)IH以下时，由于(yu)a1和(he)a1迅速下降，当1-（a1+a2）≈0时，晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)恢复阻断状(zhuang)态(tai)。特(te)性(xing)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)线晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)与(yu)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)关系(xi)，称(cheng)为晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)伏安特(te)性(xing)，如图(tu)所示。晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)与(yu)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)间加上正向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)时，在(zai)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控制极(ji)(ji)(ji)开路(Ig=0)情况下，开始元(yuan)件中(zhong)(zhong)有很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(称(cheng)为正向漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu))流(liu)(liu)过。品质意大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售厂家由于(yu)这种(zhong)特(te)殊电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路结(jie)(jie)构(gou)，使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)具有耐高(gao)(gao)(gao)压(ya)、耐高(gao)(gao)(gao)温、关断时间短、通态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)低等优(you)良性(xing)能。

晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模块基本(ben)的(de)用途是(shi)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)。二极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)整(zheng)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中用晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)代替二极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，就可(ke)(ke)以(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。在(zai)(zai)正弦交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)U2的(de)正半(ban)(ban)周内，如果vs的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)输(shu)入(ru)触(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲UG，vs仍不(bu)(bu)能接通(tong)。只有当U2处于正半(ban)(ban)周时(shi)(shi)，当触(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲UG施加到(dao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)时(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)才(cai)接通(tong)。现在(zai)(zai)，绘制(zhi)(zhi)其波形(xing)(xing)(图(tu)4(c)和(d))，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到(dao)只有当触(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲UG到(dao)达时(shi)(shi)，负载(zai)RL具有电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)UL输(shu)出(波形(xing)(xing)上(shang)(shang)的(de)阴影(ying))。当UG到(dao)达较早(zao)(zao)时(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通(tong)时(shi)(shi)间较早(zao)(zao)；UG到(dao)达较晚时(shi)(shi)，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)通(tong)时(shi)(shi)间较晚。通(tong)过改(gai)变触(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲Ug在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)到(dao)达时(shi)(shi)间，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)调节负载(zai)上(shang)(shang)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de)平均(jun)UL(阴影(ying)部(bu)分的(de)面积)。在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)技术中，交流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)半(ban)(ban)周常(chang)被设(she)定为(wei)180度(du)，称为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角。因此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)U2的(de)每(mei)一个(ge)正半(ban)(ban)周期中，从零值到(dao)触(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲到(dao)达时(shi)(shi)刻的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角称为(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)角α，每(mei)个(ge)正半(ban)(ban)周期中晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)角称为(wei)导(dao)通(tong)角θ。显(xian)然，α和θ都用来表示(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)正向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)半(ban)(ban)周内的(de)通(tong)断范围。通(tong)过改(gai)变控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)0或导(dao)通(tong)角theta，可(ke)(ke)通(tong)过改(gai)变负载(zai)上(shang)(shang)的(de)脉(mai)冲直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de)平均(jun)ul来实现可(ke)(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)。

定义(yi)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)导通(tong)条(tiao)件为：加(jia)正(zheng)向(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)压(ya)且门极(ji)有(you)触(chu)发(fa)电(dian)流；其(qi)派生(sheng)器件有(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。它是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)大(da)功率开(kai)(kai)关(guan)型(xing)(xing)半(ban)导体器件，在(zai)(zai)电(dian)路中(zhong)用文字(zi)符号为“V”、“VT”表(biao)示（旧标(biao)准中(zhong)用字(zi)母“SCR”表(biao)示）。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（Thyristor）是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)元件，能在(zai)(zai)高(gao)电(dian)压(ya)、大(da)电(dian)流条(tiao)件下工(gong)作，并且其(qi)工(gong)作过程可以(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、被应用于(yu)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)整流、交流调压(ya)、无触(chu)点电(dian)子(zi)开(kai)(kai)关(guan)、逆(ni)变及变频等(deng)电(dian)子(zi)电(dian)路中(zhong)，是(shi)典型(xing)(xing)的小电(dian)流控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)大(da)电(dian)流的设备(bei)。1957年(nian)，美国(guo)通(tong)用电(dian)器公司开(kai)(kai)发(fa)出(chu)世界上(shang)个(ge)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)产品，并于(yu)1958年(nian)使(shi)其(qi)商(shang)业化。结(jie)构/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)它是(shi)由一(yi)个(ge)P-N-P-N四(si)层(4layers)半(ban)导体构成(cheng)的，中(zhong)间形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了三个(ge)PN结(jie)。分类(lei)(lei)/晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)编辑(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)关(guan)断、导通(tong)及控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方式可分为普(pu)通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（SCR）、双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TRIAC）、逆(ni)导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（RCT）、门极(ji)关(guan)断晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（GTO）、BTG晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、温控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（TT国(guo)外(wai)，TTS国(guo)内）和光控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（LTT）等(deng)多(duo)种(zhong)(zhong)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)引(yin)脚和极(ji)性(xing)可分为二(er)极(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、三极(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和四(si)极(ji)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)其(qi)封(feng)(feng)装形(xing)(xing)式可分为金属封(feng)(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑封(feng)(feng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和陶瓷封(feng)(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)三种(zhong)(zhong)类(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。其(qi)中(zhong)，金属封(feng)(feng)装晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又分为螺栓形(xing)(xing)、平板形(xing)(xing)、圆壳(qiao)形(xing)(xing)等(deng)多(duo)种(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)派生(sheng)器件有(you)：快速晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，双向(xiang)(xiang)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，逆(ni)导晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，光控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。

图简单地给出了晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)开通(tong)和关(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)形。图中开通(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)门极(ji)(ji)在坐标原点时(shi)(shi)刻开始受(shou)到(dao)(dao)理想阶跃触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况(kuang)；而关(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)对已导通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，在外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路所(suo)施加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)在某一(yi)时(shi)(shi)刻突然(ran)由(you)正(zheng)向变为(wei)反(fan)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情况(kuang)（如图中点划(hua)线波(bo)形）。开通(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开通(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)载(zai)(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)子不断(duan)(duan)扩散的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开通(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要关(guan)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开通(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)t。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)内(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)反(fan)馈(kui)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以及外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)后，其阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)只能逐渐上升(sheng)。从门极(ji)(ji)触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)额定值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%开始，到(dao)(dao)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)稳态值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10%（对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)阻(zu)性负载(zai)(zai)相当于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)额定值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%），这段时(shi)(shi)间(jian)称为(wei)触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)延迟(chi)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)t。阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)从10%上升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)稳态值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90%所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)（对于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)阻(zu)性负载(zai)(zai)相当于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)由(you)90%降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)10%）称为(wei)上升(sheng)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)t，开通(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)t定义为(wei)两(liang)(liang)者之(zhi)(zhi)和，即t=t+t通(tong)常晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)开通(tong)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)与(yu)触(chu)(chu)(chu)发(fa)脉(mai)冲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上升(sheng)时(shi)(shi)间(jian)，脉(mai)冲(chong)峰值以及加(jia)在晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)两(liang)(liang)极(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)向电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)有(you)关(guan)。[1]关(guan)断(duan)(duan)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)处于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)导通(tong)状态的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)当外(wai)加(jia)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)突然(ran)由(you)正(zheng)向变为(wei)反(fan)向时(shi)(shi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存(cun)在，其阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在衰(shuai)减(jian)时(shi)(shi)存(cun)在过(guo)(guo)(guo)渡过(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。阳(yang)极(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)将(jiang)逐步衰(shuai)减(jian)到(dao)(dao)零，并(bing)在反(fan)方向流(liu)(liu)(liu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)反(fan)向恢复电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，经过(guo)(guo)(guo)**大值I后，再反(fan)方向衰(shuai)减(jian)。同时(shi)(shi)。这类应用一(yi)般多应用在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力试验设(she)备上，通(tong)过(guo)(guo)(guo)变压(ya)(ya)器，调整晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)导通(tong)角输出一(yi)个可调的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)。品质(zhi)意大利POSEICO晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)闸(zha)(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)模块销售(shou)厂家

普通晶闸(zha)管(guan)（SCR）靠(kao)门极正信号(hao)(hao)触发之后，撤掉信号(hao)(hao)亦能维持通态。品质(zhi)意大(da)利(li)POSEICO晶闸(zha)管(guan)模(mo)块(kuai)销售厂家

具有单向导(dao)电(dian)特(te)性，而(er)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A与(yu)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之间有两(liang)(liang)个反极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性串联的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)PN结。因(yin)此，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)过用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)R×100或R×1kQ档(dang)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)各引(yin)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即能确定三个电(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。具体方法(fa)(fa)是：将万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)黑表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)任接晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)某(mou)一(yi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)依次(ci)(ci)去(qu)触碰(peng)另(ling)(ling)外(wai)两(liang)(liang)个电(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若(ruo)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)结果(guo)有一(yi)次(ci)(ci)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)千欧(ou)姆(mu)(kΩ)，而(er)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)百(bai)(bai)欧(ou)姆(mu)(Ω)，则可(ke)(ke)(ke)判(pan)定黑表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。在阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)百(bai)(bai)欧(ou)姆(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)在阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)几(ji)(ji)千欧(ou)姆(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那次(ci)(ci)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)中，红(hong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，若(ruo)两(liang)(liang)次(ci)(ci)测(ce)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均很大(da)(da)，则说明黑表(biao)(biao)(biao)笔(bi)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不是门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，应用(yong)(yong)同样方法(fa)(fa)改测(ce)其他(ta)电(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，直到找出(chu)三个电(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)止。也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)测(ce)任两(liang)(liang)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)、反向电(dian)阻(zu)，若(ruo)正(zheng)、反向电(dian)阻(zu)均接近无穷大(da)(da)，则两(liang)(liang)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)即为(wei)(wei)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A和阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K，而(er)另(ling)(ling)一(yi)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)即为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G。普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)根据(ju)其封装形式来(lai)判(pan)断出(chu)各电(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。螺(luo)(luo)栓形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)栓一(yi)端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，较(jiao)细的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)线端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，较(jiao)粗(cu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)线端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。平板形普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)出(chu)线端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)门(men)(men)极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)G，平面端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，另(ling)(ling)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)为(wei)(wei)阴极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)K。金属壳(qiao)封装(T0—3)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，其外(wai)壳(qiao)为(wei)(wei)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A。塑封(T0—220)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中间引(yin)脚(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)阳极(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)A，且(qie)多与(yu)自带散(san)热片相连。晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)触发能力检测(ce)：对于小(xiao)功率(工作电(dian)流为(wei)(wei)5A以(yi)下)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)万(wan)用(yong)(yong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)R×1档(dang)测(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。品质意大(da)(da)利POSEICO晶(jing)闸(zha)(zha)管(guan)(guan)模块销(xiao)售(shou)厂(chang)家

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