三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一种常见的(de)(de)半导体器件，广泛应用于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。它(ta)的(de)(de)主要作用是(shi)(shi)放(fang)大(da)(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，可(ke)以用于放(fang)大(da)(da)、开(kai)关(guan)、稳(wen)压(ya)、调节(jie)等多种电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。在(zai)(zai)放(fang)大(da)(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以将微(wei)弱的(de)(de)信(xin)号(hao)放(fang)大(da)(da)成较大(da)(da)的(de)(de)信(xin)号(hao)，使(shi)得信(xin)号(hao)能够被后(hou)续(xu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正确处理(li)。在(zai)(zai)开(kai)关(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以控(kong)制电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通断，实(shi)现电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)开(kai)关(guan)功能。在(zai)(zai)稳(wen)压(ya)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以通过(guo)调节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，使(shi)得电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)输(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)稳(wen)定在(zai)(zai)一个固定的(de)(de)值。在(zai)(zai)调节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)可(ke)以通过(guo)调节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，实(shi)现对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)调节(jie)和控(kong)制。三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)工作状态可(ke)以通过(guo)调整电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)来实(shi)现。广州国产三(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)批(pi)发(fa)

尽(jin)管说(shuo)三(san)极(ji)(ji)管是有许(xu)(xu)多(duo)的(de)(de)优(you)点，但也(ye)还(hai)是会存在一些缺点。对于(yu)放大器(qi)的(de)(de)应用而(er)言，三(san)极(ji)(ji)管非常大的(de)(de)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)是失真(zhen)，这通常发生(sheng)在输出信号达到高值时，并且会降低(di)放大器(qi)的(de)(de)效果。为(wei)了(le)解决这个(ge)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)，是可以采用负反馈(kui)电路和(he)非线性(xing)元件来抵消失真(zhen)的(de)(de)。另一个(ge)重要的(de)(de)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)是三(san)极(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)温(wen)度(du)特性(xing)。由(you)于(yu)三(san)极(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)性(xing)能随温(wen)度(du)变化而(er)发生(sheng)变化，因此必须设计(ji)适当的(de)(de)散热系统(tong)来控制温(wen)度(du)。高温(wen)会使(shi)三(san)极(ji)(ji)管产生(sheng)许(xu)(xu)多(duo)的(de)(de)问(wen)题(ti)(ti)，包括(kuo)减(jian)少寿(shou)命、增加(jia)失真(zhen)和(he)降低(di)可靠(kao)性(xing)等(deng)。惠州低(di)压(ya)降三(san)极(ji)(ji)管工作(zuo)原理(li)三(san)极(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)测试需要进(jin)行加(jia)速老化等(deng)方法。

三(san)(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)结构由三(san)(san)个掺(chan)杂不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)半(ban)导体区组(zu)成，即(ji)发射(she)极(ji)(ji)、基极(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)集电(dian)极(ji)(ji)。当外加电(dian)压施(shi)加到两个PN结之间时，就会在(zai)其中(zhong)形成空穴和(he)(he)电(dian)子的(de)(de)(de)扩(kuo)散电(dian)流，进(jin)而(er)影响基区中(zhong)载流子的(de)(de)(de)浓度，从(cong)而(er)改变两个PN结的(de)(de)(de)耗尽(jin)层宽度，达(da)到对三(san)(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制。三(san)(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)作用(yong)是指，在(zai)输(shu)入(ru)信号的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下，使输(shu)出信号产生明显的(de)(de)(de)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)效果。这种(zhong)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)作用(yong)可以通过改变三(san)(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作状态来实现，从(cong)而(er)控(kong)制其导通和(he)(he)截(jie)止。在(zai)实际应(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)，三(san)(san)极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)功能被广泛(fan)应(ying)用(yong)于数码(ma)电(dian)子、自动(dong)化控(kong)制等(deng)领(ling)域，如计算机内存芯片、继电(dian)器、触发器等(deng)。

三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)都(dou)是半导(dao)体(ti)器件，但它(ta)(ta)们的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)和(he)(he)结(jie)构有(you)(you)很大的(de)不同。二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)只(zhi)有(you)(you)两个电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)，即正(zheng)极(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)负极(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是将电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)限制在一个方向(xiang)上，即只(zhi)能从(cong)(cong)正(zheng)极(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)负极(ji)(ji)(ji)，而(er)不能反向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)动。因此，二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)通常(chang)(chang)用(yong)于整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)。而(er)三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)三个电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)，即发射极(ji)(ji)(ji)、基极(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)集电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)。它(ta)(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)是放(fang)(fang)大电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)控制电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。当(dang)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)从(cong)(cong)基极(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)入时，它(ta)(ta)可以控制从(cong)(cong)集电(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)(ji)流(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小。因此，三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)通常(chang)(chang)用(yong)于放(fang)(fang)大电(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)(he)开关电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)。此外，三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)结(jie)构比二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)更加复杂(za)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)更多的(de)工艺(yi)步(bu)骤来制造。因此，三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)的(de)成本(ben)也比二(er)(er)极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)高(gao)。三极(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)在模拟电(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)(you)重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。

当加(jia)在(zai)三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)发射结的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)大(da)于(yu)PN结的(de)导通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，并且处于(yu)某一(yi)恰当的(de)值时(shi)(shi)(shi)，三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)发射结正(zheng)向偏置(zhi)，集电(dian)(dian)(dian)结反(fan)向偏置(zhi)，这(zhei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)基极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)对集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)起着控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)，使三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)具有电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，其电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)倍数(shu)β=ΔIc/ΔIb，这(zhei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)处放(fang)(fang)大(da)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。当加(jia)在(zai)三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)发射结的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)小于(yu)PN结的(de)导通(tong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，基极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)零，集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和发射极(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)都为(wei)零，三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)这(zhei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)失去(qu)了电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用(yong)，集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)和发射极(ji)之间相(xiang)当于(yu)开(kai)关(guan)的(de)断开(kai)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)，我们(men)称三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)处于(yu)截止的(de)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)， 也称双极(ji)型(xing)晶(jing)体管(guan)(guan)(guan)、晶(jing)体三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，是一(yi)种控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)半导体器件。中山本地三(san)(san)极(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)市场(chang)价

三极(ji)管(guan)的工作状(zhuang)态(tai)可以通过反馈控(kong)制来实现(xian)。广州(zhou)国产三极(ji)管(guan)批发

三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)包括了(le)静态特(te)性(xing)(xing)和(he)动(dong)态特(te)性(xing)(xing)这两个方面。其中，静态特(te)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)指三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)在(zai)静态工(gong)作(zuo)点时(shi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压、电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)功(gong)率(lv)等参数(shu)。动(dong)态特(te)性(xing)(xing)则是(shi)指三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)在(zai)变化的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)条(tiao)件(jian)下的(de)(de)响应(ying)速度、频率(lv)响应(ying)和(he)失真等参数(shu)数(shu)据。三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理是(shi)指利用控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)来控(kong)制(zhi)另(ling)外两个电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)流(liu)动(dong)，从而来实现电(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)放(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用。当控(kong)制(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)(zeng)加时(shi)，发射极(ji)(ji)和(he)集电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)(ji)之间的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也会(hui)有(you)所增(zeng)(zeng)加，从而实现电(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)放(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用。这种放(fang)大(da)作(zuo)用可以用来放(fang)大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压、电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)功(gong)率(lv)等信号。广州(zhou)国(guo)产(chan)三极(ji)(ji)管(guan)批发

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