相(xiang)变(bian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)（ＰＣＭ）通(tong)过材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)发(fa)生(sheng)物态(tai)的(de)变(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)（如(ru)融(rong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、凝固等）来(lai)储存及(ji)释放(fang)能量(liang)，从而达到热(re)(re)管理的(de)目的(de)。但(dan)是，相(xiang)变(bian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)作为热(re)(re)管理材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)使用时有(you)三(san)个主要缺点(dian)：本征(zheng)热(re)(re)导率(lv)(lv)低、对光(guang)的(de)吸收率(lv)(lv)低以及(ji)形状稳定性差［６（）＿６２］。因(yin)此，通(tong)常通(tong)过添加导热(re)(re)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)来(lai)改善这些缺点(dian)，石(shi)墨烯由于具(ju)(ju)有(you)高本征(zheng)热(re)(re)导率(lv)(lv)、高长径比而经(jing)常被作为制备具(ju)(ju)有(you)高性能相(xiang)变(bian)复合材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)理想填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。在(zai)(zai)现阶(jie)段(duan)研究中(zhong)(zhong)，石(shi)墨烯基相(xiang)变(bian)复合材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)(zai)热(re)(re)管理方向的(de)应用主要分(fen)为光(guang)－热(re)(re)转换(huan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、热(re)(re)－电转换(huan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、电－热(re)(re)转换(huan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)三(san)种(zhong)。氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)墨烯分(fen)散液在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)(ju)有(you)很好(hao)的(de)分(fen)散性，样品(pin)单层率(lv)(lv)＞90%，产品(pin)经(jing)轻微搅拌就可与水(shui)(shui)相(xiang)互溶。浙江(jiang)制备氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)墨烯有(you)哪些

常州第六元(yuan)素材料(liao)科技(ji)(ji)股(gu)份(fen)有(you)限(xian)公司拥有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)深度插层和(he)高(gao)解(jie)离率的(de)(de)制备(bei)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)高(gao)效纯化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)微片的(de)(de)缺陷修复/比表面(mian)可控技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)、全(quan)行业**的(de)(de)回收/循环氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)等(deng)自主知(zhi)识产(chan)(chan)权(quan)。自主设计的(de)(de)生产(chan)(chan)线已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)实现了石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)低(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本规(gui)模化(hua)(hua)制备(bei)，在技(ji)(ji)术(shu)(shu)、工艺、设备(bei)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)获多项突破，产(chan)(chan)品(pin)具有(you)比表面(mian)积大、导电性优(you)异、分(fen)散度好(hao)和(he)优(you)良(liang)复合(he)功(gong)能(neng)等(deng)特点。目前年产(chan)(chan)1400吨的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)（烯(xi)(xi)）/100吨石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)粉体(ti)生产(chan)(chan)线已(yi)投(tou)产(chan)(chan)运行，该生产(chan)(chan)线拥有(you)完全(quan)的(de)(de)自主知(zhi)识产(chan)(chan)权(quan)，且石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)产(chan)(chan)品(pin)质量好(hao)、成(cheng)(cheng)本低(di)，达国际**水平，具有(you)极强(qiang)的(de)(de)市(shi)场(chang)竞(jing)争(zheng)力。全(quan)国生产(chan)(chan)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)导热(re)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)易于剥(bo)离成(cheng)(cheng)稳定的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)分(fen)散液，易于成(cheng)(cheng)膜。

近年来，石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)因其高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导率(lv)和轻巧柔钿的(de)特性(xing)(xing)而受到(dao)越来越多(duo)的(de)关注。石(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)全教授(shou)课(ke)题组［５１］通过蒸发诱导自组装法对引入少量纤维素纳米晶体（ＣＮＣ）的(de)氧化石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)散(san)液(ye)进(jin)行干燥处理，然后使(shi)氢碘酸对得(de)到(dao)的(de)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)化学还原，其中(zhong)(zhong)，ＣＮＣ能(neng)够诱导石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)片上形成皱纹，使(shi)其机械性(xing)(xing)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)进(jin)一步增强。测试(shi)结果表(biao)明(ming)(ming)，这种(zhong)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)具有拉伸强度比(bi)较高(gao)(gao)可达(da)８００ＭＰａ，且断裂伸长率(lv)、初性(xing)(xing)和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导率(lv)分(fen)别达(da)到(dao)６．２２±０．１９％、１５．６４１２．２０ＭＪｍ＿３、１１０５±１７Ｓｃｍ－１，远远髙于(yu)(yu)其他文献中(zhong)(zhong)报道的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。Ｃｈｅｒ＾Ｍ等人通过在单层石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)上沉(chen)积金(jin)膜(mo)(mo)制备了(le)(le)ＧＯ／Ａｕ复合(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)，在沉(chen)积金(jin)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)厚度为７ｎｍ时，复合(he)膜(mo)(mo)在５２０ｎｍ波长处具有２４．６Ｑｍ＿２的(de)**电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和７４．６％的(de)高(gao)(gao)透射率(lv)。为了(le)(le)更直观地分(fen)析(xi)其电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)学性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，Ｃｈｅｎ等人组装了(le)(le)基(ji)于(yu)(yu)ＧＯ／Ａｕ复合(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)超级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)，测试(shi)发现，与基(ji)于(yu)(yu)单层石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)的(de)超级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)相比(bi)，其电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容提高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)１７倍，并且表(biao)现出良好(hao)的(de)机械稳(wen)定性(xing)(xing)，证明(ming)(ming)了(le)(le)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)复合(he)膜(mo)(mo)在柔性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子领域具有巨大的(de)应潜力。

根(gen)据组装(zhuang)方式的(de)(de)(de)不同．石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)能(neng)形成一(yi)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)、二维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平面结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)三维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体(ti)(ti)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)(ti)。纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)(ti)在(zai)可(ke)(ke)穿戴电(dian)子(zi)设备上(shang)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)广阔的(de)(de)(de)应用(yong)前(qian)景，而二维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)三维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)(ti)在(zai)超级电(dian)容器以(yi)及(ji)环境(jing)水(shui)处理方面表现出较强(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)优势(shi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)作为典型的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)(ti)，是一(yi)种具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)大长径比的(de)(de)(de)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)攫烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。2011年Xu等合成石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，且发现石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)强(qiang)度高、韧(ren)性(xing)好、可(ke)(ke)编(bian)织，可(ke)(ke)作为柔性(xing)电(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。时隔两年．空心石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诞生，其(qi)直径为数十至数百微米。空心石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)内(nei)壁和(he)(he)(he)外表面．相(xiang)对于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纤(xian)(xian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)比表面积增大，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)催(cui)化、分(fen)离(li)和(he)(he)(he)敏感特性(xing)“。石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)膜或(huo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纸作为二维(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平面结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)体(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)**．足一(yi)种有(you)(you)(you)序度低于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)叠层结(jie)(jie)构(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)平面宏(hong)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)。Dikin等通过真空辅助抽滤氧化石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胶(jiao)状(zhuang)悬浮(fu)液，实现石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)定向(xiang)组装(zhuang)，获得了氧化石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纸。通过对其(qi)还原即可(ke)(ke)获得石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纸。且研究表明石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)纸具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)电(dian)导(dao)率高(1716S·cm)、导(dao)热性(xing)能(neng)好(1434W·m·K一(yi))以(yi)及(ji)气体(ti)(ti)渗(shen)透性(xing)好…等特性(xing)。氧化石(shi)(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)可(ke)(ke)如同界(jie)面活性(xing)剂一(yi)般(ban)存在(zai)界(jie)面，并(bing)降低界(jie)面间的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量。其(qi)亲水(shui)性(xing)被认知。

利用(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯的(de)(de)纳米(mi)效应，将石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制备(bei)成复(fu)合(he)薄膜(mo)(mo)也是石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯应用(yong)(yong)到(dao)热(re)管理中的(de)(de)途(tu)径之一。如中科(ke)院陈成猛团(tuan)(tuan)队[58]制备(bei)出一种(zhong)柔性的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯-碳(tan)纤维(wei)(wei)复(fu)合(he)膜(mo)(mo)散(san)热(re)片(pian)，结果(guo)表明其(qi)(qi)热(re)导(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)达(da)到(dao)977W/(m·K)，其(qi)(qi)热(re)传(chuan)递的(de)(de)效果(guo)好于铜。**科(ke)大[59]制备(bei)出三维(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯-碳(tan)纳米(mi)环薄膜(mo)(mo)，其(qi)(qi)热(re)导(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)可达(da)946W/(m·K)。浙江大学(xue)高超团(tuan)(tuan)队[60]报道了一种(zhong)快速湿纺组装（wet-spinningassembly）的(de)(de)方法制备(bei)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯薄膜(mo)(mo)，其(qi)(qi)热(re)导(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)达(da)530~810W/(m·K)。可见(jian)，将石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制备(bei)成复(fu)合(he)薄膜(mo)(mo)，复(fu)合(he)薄膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)应用(yong)(yong)于锂电正(zheng)负极材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，还可以应用(yong)(yong)于橡胶、塑料(liao)、树脂、纤维(wei)(wei)等(deng)高分子复(fu)合(he)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)领域。云南氧化石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)烯生产

氧化石墨易于(yu)接枝改性，可与复合材(cai)料进行原位复合。浙江(jiang)制备氧化石墨烯有(you)哪些(xie)

自(zi)碳(tan)纳(na)(na)米管(CNTs)在(zai)1991年被Iijima报道(dao)以来［10］，这种(zhong)具有一(yi)维(wei)(wei)纳(na)(na)米尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管状碳(tan)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料以其(qi)(qi)(qi)独特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)学、电(dian)(dian)(dian)学、热学及光学特性，在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料、医学、储氢装置和催化(hua)(hua)剂(ji)等诸多领域［11～13］得到了广(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)应用(yong)。锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池领域是(shi)碳(tan)纳(na)(na)米管相(xiang)当(dang)有潜力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)应用(yong)方向之(zhi)一(yi)。首先，碳(tan)纳(na)(na)米管自(zi)身就是(shi)一(yi)种(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池负极(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料;其(qi)(qi)(qi)次，碳(tan)纳(na)(na)米管尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)化(hua)(hua)学气相(xiang)沉积技术(shu)制(zhi)备的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定向生长(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三维(wei)(wei)碳(tan)纳(na)(na)米管阵列具备优异的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)机械强度，并且由于其(qi)(qi)(qi)独特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弹道(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子传(chuan)导效应及抗(kang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)迁移能力(li)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)导率可高达105S/m［14］。将(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)作为三维(wei)(wei)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)结构或导电(dian)(dian)(dian)添(tian)加(jia)剂(ji)加(jia)入(ru)到其(qi)(qi)(qi)他电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料之(zhi)中(zhong)，不但可提高复合电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子与离(li)子传(chuan)输能力(li)，还可增强电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)机械性能。浙江(jiang)制(zhi)备氧化(hua)(hua)石墨烯(xi)有哪些

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