使用FTA时，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)确定导致顶(ding)(ding)层(ceng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)组件(jian)(jian)或部分(fen)(fen)系统失效之间的(de)(de)(de)逻(luo)辑连接，并通(tong)(tong)过图形形式显示(shi)(shi)(shi)出来。这个分(fen)(fen)析的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)义不(bu)仅只是(shi)揭示(shi)(shi)(shi)失效的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)，还包(bao)括(kuo)他(ta)们之间的(de)(de)(de)函数(shu)相关(guan)(guan)性。通(tong)(tong)过FTA，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)达(da)到以(yi)(yi)下目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)：确定所有(you)会(hui)导致顶(ding)(ding)层(ceng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)失效和(he)失效关(guan)(guan)系以(yi)(yi)及失效原因(yin)(yin)。显示(shi)(shi)(shi)特别重(zhong)大的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)和(he)时间之间的(de)(de)(de)关(guan)(guan)联（比如会(hui)导致顶(ding)(ding)层(ceng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)正确的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)）。需要时可(ke)以(yi)(yi)计算可(ke)靠(kao)性参量(liang)，比如顶(ding)(ding)层(ceng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)发生概率或系统有(you)效性。达(da)到系统概念的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)观评(ping)价标(biao)准。获得(de)关(guan)(guan)于失效机制和(he)其(qi)函数(shu)相关(guan)(guan)性的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)晰且简单易懂的(de)(de)(de)文档。FTA故障树分(fen)(fen)析需要进(jin)行多(duo)种沟通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)方式和(he)渠道，包(bao)括(kuo)面(mian)(mian)对(dui)面(mian)(mian)交流、在线会(hui)议(yi)、电子邮件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。西(xi)安FTA集成加密(mi)系统

简单描述了故(gu)(gu)障树(shu)中(zhong)出(chu)现(xian)的(de)(de)每个(ge)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符号(hao)，简化(hua)起见，下(xia)表(biao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符号(hao)只有(you)(you)一个(ge)输(shu)入(ru)和(或)一个(ge)输(shu)出(chu)。底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BottomEvent)：只导致其他(ta)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位于(yu)所(suo)讨论的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障树(shu)底端，总是(shi)某个(ge)逻辑门(men)的(de)(de)输(shu)入(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而不(bu)(bu)是(shi)输(shu)出(chu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分为(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)与未探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)本事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(BasicEvent，BE)：无(wu)须探(tan)明(ming)其发(fa)(fa)生原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。BE位于(yu)故(gu)(gu)障树(shu)的(de)(de)底端，是(shi)顶事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)根(gen)本原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)本事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)圆形符号(hao)表(biao)示，它(ta)有(you)(you)一个(ge)输(shu)入(ru)，但(dan)(dan)没有(you)(you)输(shu)出(chu)。未探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(UnderdevelopedEvent)：原(yuan)则上应进(jin)一步探(tan)明(ming)其原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)但(dan)(dan)暂时不(bu)(bu)必(bi)或者暂时不(bu)(bu)能探(tan)明(ming)其原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)底事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。发(fa)(fa)生的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，但(dan)(dan)没有(you)(you)足(zu)够的(de)(de)信息来发(fa)(fa)展一个(ge)子树(shu)，这样的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被标记为(wei)未探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。未探(tan)明(ming)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)菱形表(biao)示。成都(dou)FTA质量过(guo)程(cheng)FTA故(gu)(gu)障树(shu)分析需(xu)要进(jin)行(xing)多种沟(gou)通的(de)(de)保密(mi)和安全，包括保护(hu)(hu)知识产权、保护(hu)(hu)商业(ye)机密(mi)、保护(hu)(hu)个(ge)人隐私等。

结果事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(ResultantEvent)：由其他事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)组(zu)合所(suo)导致的(de)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。结果事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)总位于某(mou)个(ge)逻辑(ji)门的(de)输出(chu)端结果，分为顶(ding)(ding)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用矩形符号表示(shi)。顶(ding)(ding)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(TopEvent，TE)：所(suo)有(you)(you)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)联合发生作用的(de)结果事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。顶(ding)(ding)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)位于故(gu)障(zhang)树的(de)顶(ding)(ding)端，总是(shi)所(suo)讨论故(gu)障(zhang)树中(zhong)(zhong)逻辑(ji)门的(de)输出(chu)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而不(bu)是(shi)输入事(shi)作。顶(ding)(ding)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用矩形符号表示(shi)，它有(you)(you)一个(ge)输出(chu)，但(dan)没有(you)(you)输入。中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(IntermediateEvent)：位于底事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和顶(ding)(ding)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)结果事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)既是(shi)某(mou)个(ge)逻辑(ji)门的(de)输出(chu)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，同时(shi)又是(shi)别的(de)逻辑(ji)门的(de)输入事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。BE引(yin)起(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)会引(yin)起(qi)TE。中(zhong)(zhong)间(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用矩形表示(shi)，它有(you)(you)一个(ge)输入和一个(ge)输出(chu)。

在分(fen)析系(xi)统(tong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)时，开始建立(li)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)往往不是(shi)(shi)简(jian)单的(de)(de)，所以(yi)可(ke)以(yi)对(dui)其进(jin)(jin)行简(jian)化(hua)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)简(jian)化(hua)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)借助于(yu)逻(luo)(luo)辑(ji)(ji)代数的(de)(de)逻(luo)(luo)辑(ji)(ji)规则进(jin)(jin)行简(jian)化(hua)。因(yin)此，首先介绍了(le)几种基(ji)本的(de)(de)逻(luo)(luo)辑(ji)(ji)关系(xi)和(he)逻(luo)(luo)辑(ji)(ji)运算规则，以(yi)及故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)结构功能，举例说明了(le)简(jian)化(hua)方(fang)法(fa)。什么(me)是(shi)(shi)FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)分(fen)析法(fa)？FTA是(shi)(shi)英文FaultTreeAnalysis的(de)(de)简(jian)写(xie)，意思是(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)分(fen)析，是(shi)(shi)一种从(cong)上往下(xia)从(cong)需(xu)要分(fen)析的(de)(de)顶事(shi)(shi)件(jian)开始，逐步向(xiang)下(xia)追查导(dao)致故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)发生的(de)(de)原因(yin)直(zhi)到较底(di)(di)层的(de)(de)基(ji)本事(shi)(shi)件(jian)（底(di)(di)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)）。因(yin)为整个结构形似(si)树(shu)(shu)状，所以(yi)称之(zhi)为故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)。FTA故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)分(fen)析可(ke)以(yi)帮助制(zhi)定应急(ji)计划(hua)，以(yi)应对(dui)系(xi)统(tong)中发生意外事(shi)(shi)件(jian)或故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)可(ke)能性。

表(biao)决(jue)门(men)(men)(k/N；VotingGate；CombinatorialGate)：表(biao)示(shi)只当(dang)N个输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)k个或(huo)k个以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)时(shi)，输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)才(cai)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。表(biao)决(jue)门(men)(men)符号类似(si)于或(huo)门(men)(men)，在(zai)(zai)底端(duan)写(xie)有(you)"k/N"。或(huo)门(men)(men)和与门(men)(men)都是(shi)(shi)表(biao)决(jue)门(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特例，当(dang)k=1时(shi)是(shi)(shi)或(huo)门(men)(men)，当(dang)k=N时(shi)是(shi)(shi)与门(men)(men)。禁门(men)(men)(InhibitGate)：类似(si)于与门(men)(men)，表(biao)示(shi)只当(dang)条件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)时(shi)，输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)才(cai)导致输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。其符号是(shi)(shi)一个六边形。输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)连接在(zai)(zai)门(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正下方，顶部是(shi)(shi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而(er)条件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)连接在(zai)(zai)门(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)右边。非门(men)(men)(NotGate)：表(biao)示(shi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)人事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)对立事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。条件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)动作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)称之为事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)符号用于表(biao)示(shi)主要(yao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和中(zhong)(zhong)间事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。主要(yao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不会在(zai)(zai)故(gu)障树上进一步发(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)门(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)输(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出处(chu)可以找到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)间事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在(zai)(zai)FTA故(gu)障树分析中(zhong)(zhong)，需要(yao)根据(ju)故(gu)障发(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各种可能性(xing)和概(gai)率(lv)，确定分析结果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)准(zhun)确性(xing)。成都FTA质量过程

FTA故障树分析的应用范围普遍，包括(kuo)航(hang)空、航(hang)天、核能、电力、交(jiao)通(tong)、医疗、化(hua)工(gong)、制造(zao)等领域。西安FTA集成加密系(xi)统

FTA有哪些特(te)点？聪(cong)脉(mai)（上(shang)海）信息技术(shu)有限公司小编介绍，故障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)(shu)可以作为管(guan)理人员(yuan)及维修人员(yuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)个形象的(de)(de)管(guan)理、维修指(zhi)南，因此，用(yong)来培训长期使(shi)用(yong)大型复(fu)杂系统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)人员(yuan)更有意(yi)义(yi)；通(tong)过故障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)(shu)可以定(ding)量(liang)的(de)(de)求出(chu)复(fu)杂系统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)失(shi)效概率(lv)和(he)其他可靠性(xing)(xing)特(te)征量(liang)，为改进和(he)评估系统(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可靠性(xing)(xing)提供定(ding)量(liang)数据；故障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析的(de)(de)发(fa)展与电子计(ji)算机技术(shu)的(de)(de)发(fa)展紧密(mi)相联(lian)，图像信息技术(shu)也已经应(ying)用(yong)在(zai)故障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析中(zhong)，因此，编制计(ji)算程序是故障(zhang)树(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)析中(zhong)不可缺(que)少的(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)；数据收集(ji)困难(nan)。西(xi)安FTA集(ji)成(cheng)加密(mi)系统(tong)(tong)

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