供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)(li)是围绕把供(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)、制(zhi)造商(shang)、仓库(ku)、配送中心和(he)(he)渠道商(shang)有(you)机(ji)结合成一体(ti)这个问题来展开的(de)(de)(de)，因此它包(bao)括企业(ye)许多层(ceng)次(ci)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活动，包(bao)括战(zhan)略层(ceng)次(ci)、战(zhan)术层(ceng)次(ci)和(he)(he)作业(ye)层(ceng)次(ci)等。1、对(dui)制(zhi)造商(shang)，成本降(jiang)(jiang)低、实现数量上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)折扣和(he)(he)稳(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)价格、提高(gao)产品质量又降(jiang)(jiang)低库(ku)存(cun)水平、改善时间(jian)管理(li)(li)、缩短交货提前期(qi)和(he)(he)提高(gao)可靠性(xing)。2、对(dui)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)，保证有(you)稳(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)场需(xu)求、对(dui)用(yong)户需(xu)求更(geng)好地理(li)(li)解、提高(gao)运作质量、提高(gao)零(ling)部件生(sheng)产质量、降(jiang)(jiang)低生(sheng)产成本、提高(gao)对(dui)买主(zhu)交货期(qi)改变的(de)(de)(de)反应(ying)(ying)速度(du)。3、对(dui)于双方，可以有(you)效(xiao)地减少成员(yuan)之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)重复下作，易时除流(liu)程的(de)(de)(de)多余步(bu)骤(zhou)，使供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)流(liu)程低成本、高(gao)效(xiao)化。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)(li)需(xu)要考(kao)虑供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)服(fu)务(wu)质量，如(ru)提供(gong)售后服(fu)务(wu)、满足客(ke)户需(xu)求等，提高(gao)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)服(fu)务(wu)和(he)(he)客(ke)户满意度(du)。智能供(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)系统

供(gong)应(ying)链的(de)(de)(de)主要活动(dong)包括：1、商(shang)(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)开发和(he)制造·商(shang)(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)规划、设计(ji)、商(shang)(shang)品化(hua)；·需求预测和(he)生(sheng)产计(ji)划；·商(shang)(shang)品生(sheng)产和(he)质量管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)。2、商(shang)(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)送(song)(song)·确(que)保销售(shou)(shou)途径(jing)，即销售(shou)(shou)渠道的(de)(de)(de)稳定性和(he)有效性；·按(an)时配(pei)送(song)(song)，以(yi)JIT思(si)想进(jin)行配(pei)送(song)(song)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)和(he)作业；·降(jiang)低(di)物流成本，实现供(gong)应(ying)链整体(ti)成本的(de)(de)(de)低(di)。3、商(shang)(shang)品的(de)(de)(de)销售(shou)(shou)和(he)售(shou)(shou)后服务·销售(shou)(shou)，以(yi)适当的(de)(de)(de)营销组合(he)策略，实现销售(shou)(shou)；·品种齐全(quan)、及时的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)品补充，并保持低(di)库存量；·销售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)数据(ju)和(he)销售(shou)(shou)额的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，了解问(wen)题，确(que)定活动(dong)方针(zhen)。肇庆(qing)电商(shang)(shang)供(gong)应(ying)链体(ti)系供(gong)应(ying)链管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)需要进(jin)行社会责(ze)任管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)，以(yi)履行企业社会责(ze)任和(he)建(jian)立良好(hao)企业形象。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)根(gen)据范(fan)围不同(tong)划分(fen)(fen)，（1）内(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：指企(qi)业(ye)内(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)产(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)和(he)流(liu)(liu)通过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)所涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)购(gou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、仓(cang)储部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、销(xiao)售(shou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)等组成的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需网(wang)络。（2）外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：指企(qi)业(ye)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，与(yu)企(qi)业(ye)相关(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)和(he)流(liu)(liu)通过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)涉及的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商、生(sheng)产(chan)(chan)厂商、储运商、零(ling)售(shou)商以(yi)及消费者组成的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需网(wang)络。内(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)和(he)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)共同(tong)组成了企(qi)业(ye)产(chan)(chan)品从原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料到成品到消费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)根(gen)据复杂(za)程(cheng)度不同(tong)划分(fen)(fen)，（1）直接型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：在(zai)产(chan)(chan)品、服(fu)务、资金(jin)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)在(zai)往上游(you)和(he)下(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)动过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，由(you)公司(si)(si)、此公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商和(he)此公司(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客户组成。（2）扩展型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：把直接供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商和(he)直接客户的(de)(de)(de)(de)客户包含(han)在(zai)内(nei)，左(zuo)右这些成员均参与(yu)产(chan)(chan)品、服(fu)务、资金(jin)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)往上游(you)和(he)下(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)动过(guo)程(cheng)。（3）终端(duan)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：包括参与(yu)产(chan)(chan)品、服(fu)务、资金(jin)、信(xin)息(xi)从终端(duan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商到终端(duan)消费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有往上游(you)和(he)下(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)动过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有组织。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)如何运作？尽(jin)管(guan)(guan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)非(fei)常复(fu)杂(za)，但只需(xu)五个步(bu)骤(zhou)。以下是这些步(bu)骤(zhou)及其工作原(yuan)理(li)(li)(li)。1、计(ji)划，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)策略性部分(fen)，公司需(xu)要有(you)(you)一(yi)个好的(de)(de)(de)策略对现有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)资(zi)源进行整(zheng)合(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，及时(shi)(shi)向(xiang)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)符合(he)(he)(he)其要求产(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)同时(shi)(shi)削减成(cheng)本(ben)。2、采购，选择供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)时(shi)(shi)对其进行资(zi)质审查，与供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)建立(li)一(yi)套定价(jia)(jia)、配送(song)和付(fu)款流(liu)程(cheng)，并针(zhen)对采购业务多样化的(de)(de)(de)特点(dian)灵活变通，与供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)(shang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)货(huo)品与服务的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)流(liu)程(cheng)相结合(he)(he)(he)。3、制(zhi)(zhi)造，对产(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)生产(chan)(chan)过程(cheng)、生产(chan)(chan)周期、物(wu)料领用(yong)、生产(chan)(chan)进度(du)和反馈等环节进行控制(zhi)(zhi)，降(jiang)低运营成(cheng)本(ben)，缩短交货(huo)时(shi)(shi)间、减少库存(cun)，通过设备的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效运用(yong)提(ti)收(shou)益性。4、配送(song)，配送(song)，部分(fen)人(ren)也(ye)称(cheng)之为“物(wu)流(liu)”，是调整(zheng)用(yong)户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)定单收(shou)据、建立(li)仓库网络(luo)、派递送(song)人(ren)员提(ti)货(huo)并送(song)货(huo)到顾客(ke)(ke)手中、建立(li)商(shang)(shang)品计(ji)价(jia)(jia)系(xi)统、接收(shou)付(fu)款。5、退(tui)货(huo)，属于供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)中的(de)(de)(de)问题处理(li)(li)(li)部分(fen)。为客(ke)(ke)户(hu)退(tui)回(hui)的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)品和多余产(chan)(chan)品建立(li)一(yi)个专门(men)的(de)(de)(de)网络(luo)，并在客(ke)(ke)户(hu)应(ying)用(yong)产(chan)(chan)品途中产(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)问题给(ji)予支持帮助。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)需(xu)要进行风险管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，以应(ying)对各种(zhong)不确(que)定性因素。

当供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各节点企业(ye)只根据(ju)来自(zi)相邻的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)游企业(ye)（一(yi)般称为(wei)(wei)顾客(ke)(ke)和买方(fang)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)做出(chu)生产和供(gong)给决(jue)(jue)策时，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)真实性(xing)会沿着(zhe)供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)逆流而上(shang)，使订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)量(liang)逐级放(fang)大(da)，到(dao)达源头(tou)供(gong)应商时，其获(huo)(huo)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)和市(shi)(shi)场上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)实际(ji)顾客(ke)(ke)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)发生了很(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偏差，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭曲将实际(ji)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)放(fang)大(da)。原因：1、需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)预测修正：指供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)员采用(yong)其直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)游订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)数据(ju)作为(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)场需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)信(xin)号时，即需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)放(fang)大(da)；2、订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)批量(liang)决(jue)(jue)策：指周期性(xing)订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)决(jue)(jue)策或者订(ding)(ding)单(dan)推动(dong)；3、价(jia)格(ge)波动(dong)：反映了一(yi)种商业(ye)行为(wei)(wei)，它(ta)是由于一(yi)些促销手段造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，如价(jia)格(ge)折扣、数量(liang)折扣、赠票等；4、短缺博弈(yi)：是一(yi)种现象，当需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)大(da)于供(gong)应时，理性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)决(jue)(jue)策是按照用(yong)户的(de)(de)(de)(de)订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)量(liang)比例分配(pei)现有库(ku)存供(gong)应量(liang)。此(ci)时用(yong)户就为(wei)(wei)了获(huo)(huo)得(de)更大(da)份额的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)给量(liang)，故意地夸大(da)其订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)，当需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)降温(wen)时，订(ding)(ding)货(huo)(huo)又突然消失。方(fang)法：1.提(ti)高供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)共享；2.科学确定(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)价(jia)决(jue)(jue)策；3.提(ti)高运营管(guan)理水平(ping)(ping)，缩短提(ti)前期；4.提(ti)高供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)透明度；5.建立战略(lve)性(xing)合(he)作伙伴。供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)考虑的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素包括供(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)平(ping)(ping)衡、库(ku)存管(guan)理、物流运输、质量(liang)控(kong)制等。广州电(dian)商供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)方(fang)案(an)

供应链管理(li)需(xu)要进行成(cheng)本控制，以提高(gao)企业盈利能(neng)力。智能(neng)供应链系统(tong)

供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根据(ju)(ju)功(gong)能(neng)性不同(tong)(tong)划分，（1）有效性供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)体(ti)现(xian)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)物理功(gong)能(neng)，即以(yi)低成本将原材料转化(hua)成零部件(jian)、半成品(pin)、产品(pin)，以(yi)及在供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)运输等。（2）反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)性供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)体(ti)现(xian)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)市场中(zhong)介的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，即把产品(pin)分配(pei)到(dao)满足用(yong)户需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)市场，对(dui)(dui)未预知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)做出快速反(fan)应(ying)(ying)(ying)等。（3）创新性供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)体(ti)现(xian)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)客户需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)功(gong)能(neng)，即根据(ju)(ju)消费者的(de)(de)(de)喜好(hao)或(huo)时尚(shang)的(de)(de)(de)引导(dao)(dao)，进而调整产品(pin)内容与形式来满足市场需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。如(ru)果(guo)有需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)，欢迎联系(xi)我们公司。根据(ju)(ju)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)企(qi)业(ye)地位(wei)不同(tong)(tong)划分：（1）盟主(zhu)型(xing)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)某一成员的(de)(de)(de)节点(dian)企(qi)业(ye)在整个供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)占(zhan)据(ju)(ju)主(zhu)导(dao)(dao)地位(wei)，对(dui)(dui)其他成员具有很强(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)辐射能(neng)力和(he)吸(xi)引能(neng)力，通常称该企(qi)业(ye)为关(guan)键企(qi)业(ye)或(huo)主(zhu)导(dao)(dao)企(qi)业(ye)。（2）非盟主(zhu)型(xing)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：指供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)企(qi)业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)彼此差距不大，对(dui)(dui)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)程度相同(tong)(tong)。智能(neng)供(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)系(xi)统

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