BUCK电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)饱和(he)(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)选(xuan)(xuan)择不(bu)当。降(jiang)压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感可能会增加输出(chu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，从(cong)而误(wu)触发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源进入过流(liu)(liu)保护(hu)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源在(zai)(zai)正常工作模式和(he)(he)过流(liu)(liu)保护(hu)模式之间反复(fu)切换，称为打嗝模式，也(ye)可能造成一定程度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)选(xuan)(xuan)择必(bi)须适(shi)当。开关电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源本身纹(wen)波(bo)大(da)，多相(xiang)开关电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源具(ju)有(you)纹(wen)波(bo)小，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)点。通(tong)过错开相(xiang)位，可以(yi)有(you)效降(jiang)低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)纹(wen)波(bo)，抑(yi)制(zhi)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)。要抑(yi)制(zhi)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)，除了修改上(shang)述软件、参数和(he)(he)架(jia)构外，典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案是使(shi)用抗(kang)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，如村田KRM系(xi)列和(he)(he)ZRB系(xi)列。其特(te)(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)结构可以(yi)减少电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)现象，吸收热(re)量和(he)(he)机械冲击产生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)应力，实现高可靠性(xing)。与Ta电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容相(xiang)比(bi)，抗(kang)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)MLCC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压变化V比(bi)初始阶段小722%。在(zai)(zai)布局上(shang)也(ye)可以(yi)优(you)化布局，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容相(xiang)互交错，抑(yi)制(zhi)振(zhen)动。甚(shen)至有(you)人提出(chu)在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)旁边挖一个凹槽(cao)来缓解啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方案。以(yi)上(shang)是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)啸(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)叫(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原理和(he)(he)避免建议(yi)。MLCC由于其内(nei)部结构的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)优(you)势，其ESR和(he)(he)ESL都具(ju)备(bei)独特(te)(te)优(you)势。所以(yi)陶(tao)瓷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容具(ju)备(bei)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高频(pin)特(te)(te)性(xing)。无锡固态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容品牌

电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)同(tong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)是使(shi)(shi)用的(de)要求，需求比较大(da)化(hua)是使(shi)(shi)用的(de)要求。如果(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)视(shi)机(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)部分采用金(jin)属(shu)氧化(hua)物薄膜电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)进(jin)行滤(lv)波，应满足滤(lv)波所(suo)需的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)和(he)耐压。柜子里恐怕只有一个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。所(suo)以只能(neng)(neng)用极(ji)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)来(lai)滤(lv)波，极(ji)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是不(bu)可逆的(de)。也就是说，正极(ji)必(bi)须连(lian)接到高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)端子，负极(ji)必(bi)须连(lian)接到低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)端子。一般电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)在(zai)1微法(fa)以上，用于耦(ou)合、去耦(ou)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)滤(lv)波等。非极(ji)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)大(da)多在(zai)1微法(fa)以下，参与谐振、耦(ou)合、选频(pin)(pin)、限流等。当然也有容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)大(da)，耐压高的(de)，多用于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力无功补偿(chang)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)移相(xiang)，变频(pin)(pin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)移相(xiang)。非极(ji)性(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有很多种，不(bu)赘述。无锡固态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)品(pin)(pin)牌陶瓷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器品(pin)(pin)种繁多，外形尺寸相(xiang)差(cha)甚(shen)大(da)从0402（约(yue)1×0.5mm）。

在(zai)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源输出(chu)端用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滤波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容，与工(gong)频(pin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)选用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)滤波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容并不一样，在(zai)工(gong)频(pin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)用(yong)作滤波的(de)(de)(de)(de)普通电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器，其(qi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)脉(mai)动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压频(pin)率只有100Hz，充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时间是(shi)(shi)毫秒数量级，为获(huo)得较小的(de)(de)(de)(de)脉(mai)动系数，需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量高达(da)数十(shi)(shi)万微法，因(yin)而一般低频(pin)用(yong)普通铝电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器制造(zao)目标是(shi)(shi)以提高电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量为主(zhu)(zhu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量、损(sun)耗角正切值以及(ji)漏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)(shi)鉴别其(qi)优劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要参数。在(zai)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)稳压电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)作为输出(chu)滤波用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器，由于大多(duo)数的(de)(de)(de)(de)开关(guan)(guan)(guan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源工(gong)作在(zai)方波或矩形波的(de)(de)(de)(de)状态，含有及(ji)其(qi)丰富的(de)(de)(de)(de)高次谐波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，其(qi)上锯齿波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压的(de)(de)(de)(de)频(pin)率高达(da)数十(shi)(shi)千赫，甚(shen)至数十(shi)(shi)兆赫，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求和低频(pin)应(ying)用(yong)时不同，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量并不是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要指标，衡量它好(hao)坏的(de)(de)(de)(de)则(ze)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)阻抗频(pin)率特性。

当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)内部(bu)连接性(xing)能(neng)恶化(hua)(hua)或(huo)失(shi)效(xiao)时(shi)(shi)，通常(chang)会(hui)出(chu)现开路。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气连接的(de)(de)(de)(de)恶化(hua)(hua)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)由(you)(you)腐(fu)蚀、振动或(huo)机械应力引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)。铝(lv)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在高温或(huo)湿热环境下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)(shi)，阳极引(yin)出(chu)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)可(ke)能(neng)因(yin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)学腐(fu)蚀而断裂(lie)。阳极引(yin)出(chu)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)与阳极箔(bo)(bo)(bo)接触不良也(ye)会(hui)造成电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)间(jian)歇(xie)性(xing)开路。1)在工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)初期(qi)(qi)，铝(lv)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)在负载工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)过程(cheng)中会(hui)不断修复和增(zeng)厚阳极氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)膜(mo)(称(cheng)为填(tian)形效(xiao)应)，导致(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)下(xia)降(jiang)。2)在使用后期(qi)(qi)，由(you)(you)于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)损(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)大，溶液(ye)变稠，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率增(zeng)大，增(zeng)加了等(deng)效(xiao)串联(lian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)损(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。同时(shi)(shi)，随着溶液(ye)粘度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加，铝(lv)箔(bo)(bo)(bo)表(biao)面不均(jun)匀的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)膜(mo)难以充分接触，减少了电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)极板面积(ji)，导致(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量下(xia)降(jiang)。此外(wai)，在低温下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)时(shi)(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度(du)也(ye)会(hui)增(zeng)加，导致(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)损(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)增(zeng)加，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)下(xia)降(jiang)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)两极间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)绝(jue)缘材料，介电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常(chang)数(shu)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(如铁电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye))适合于制作(zuo)(zuo)大容(rong)(rong)量小体积(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，但损(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)也(ye)大。

不(bu)(bu)同电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)，不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)结构原则上，不(bu)(bu)考(kao)虑(lv)前列放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，任何(he)形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)都(dou)可(ke)以在环(huan)境中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(带极性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi))是圆形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)很(hen)少用(yong)(yong)。非极性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)状(zhuang)(zhuang)多种多样。如(ru)管式、异(yi)形(xing)(xing)矩形(xing)(xing)、片状(zhuang)(zhuang)、方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)、圆形(xing)(xing)、组合方(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)圆形(xing)(xing)等。取决于它(ta)们(men)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)场(chang)合。当然还(hai)有隐形(xing)(xing)。这(zhei)里的(de)(de)隐形(xing)(xing)指的(de)(de)是分布电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。在高(gao)频和(he)(he)(he)中频设备(bei)中，分布电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是不(bu)(bu)可(ke)忽视的(de)(de)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)环(huan)境和(he)(he)(he)目的(de)(de)在家电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)维修(xiu)中，以上都(dou)能遇到(dao)。要想通俗(su)易懂(dong)，还(hai)得自(zi)己琢磨。这(zhei)里只是参考(kao)，请指正。极性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(如(ru)铝电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解)由(you)于其内部的(de)(de)材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)结构，可(ke)以大容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，但(dan)(dan)高(gao)频特性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)，适用(yong)(yong)于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力滤波等场(chang)合，但(dan)(dan)有高(gao)频特性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)极性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)——钽电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解，价(jia)格相对(dui)较贵。陶瓷电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)从0.5pF起步，可(ke)以做到(dao)100uF，并且根据电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)封装（尺寸）的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)也会不(bu)(bu)同。江苏电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)多少钱

陶瓷电(dian)容(rong)(rong)较坑的失效就(jiu)是短路(lu)了，一(yi)旦陶瓷电(dian)容(rong)(rong)短路(lu)，产品无(wu)法正常使用，危害非(fei)常大。无(wu)锡固态电(dian)容(rong)(rong)品牌(pai)

当负载(zai)频(pin)率上升到(dao)额定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)时，即使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器上的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)没有达到(dao)额定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)，负载(zai)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)也必须保持不高于(yu)额定电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)。如果电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器损耗因数引起(qi)的(de)(de)发热开始发挥更明显(xian)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，则(ze)负载(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)必须降(jiang)低(di)，如图右(you)侧曲线(xian)部(bu)分所(suo)示，其中(zhong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)随着频(pin)率的(de)(de)增加而降(jiang)低(di)。由于(yu)第(di)二类(lei)介质陶瓷(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)远大于(yu)1类(lei)介质电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，所(suo)以滤波用(yong)的(de)(de)F陶瓷(ci)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)通常在1V以下(xia)，无法加载(zai)到(dao)额定交(jiao)流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)。所(suo)以第(di)二类(lei)介质电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)主要讨论允许加载(zai)的(de)(de)纹波电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。无锡固(gu)态(tai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)品牌

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