施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)测量(liang)注意事项(xiang)（5）在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程衔接(jie)(jie)处，所设(she)置的临时(shi)水(shui)准点应相互测校(xiao)调整，以防止差错。（6）适当(dang)位置设(she)置施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控制桩(zhuang)，控制桩(zhuang)应妥善保护。（7）测量(liang)时(shi)，应对(dui)仪器进行(xing)检查调整，对(dui)原始记录作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)详细(xi)校(xiao)对(dui)。四(si)、顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)案1、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)顺序顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)对(dui)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)沿线进行(xing)调查，确定(ding)土压平衡顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺(yi)→顶(ding)力计(ji)算及后背墙设(she)计(ji)→工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及接(jie)(jie)收(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)→施(shi)(shi)做(zuo)基础架(jia)设(she)导(dao)轨/安装后背墙→管(guan)(guan)道(dao)顶(ding)进施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、接(jie)(jie)收(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、平面(mian)布置、井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)内(nei)(nei)布置及管(guan)(guan)内(nei)(nei)布置方(fang)(fang)案首先进行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)与(yu)接(jie)(jie)收(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)与(yu)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)上层(ceng)采用(yong)(yong)开挖法施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，下层(ceng)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和接(jie)(jie)受(shou)(shou)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)四(si)周(zhou)打(da)(da)设(she)钢板(ban)桩(zhuang)后，周(zhou)围采用(yong)(yong)深井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)点降(jiang)水(shui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，根据实际(ji)情况每个工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)周(zhou)围需打(da)(da)四(si)眼大口深井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。大口深井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)壁(bi)(bi)采用(yong)(yong)直径400mm的无(wu)沙(sha)砼管(guan)(guan)护壁(bi)(bi)，井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)深25m,每个井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中安装一台2寸深井(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)潜水(shui)泵(beng)抽(chou)水(shui)，保证(zheng)把(ba)水(shui)降(jiang)至工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)以下500mm.明(ming)确工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序搭(da)接(jie)(jie)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)种配合、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法、进度等施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安排(pai)。厦(sha)门DN2400球墨管(guan)(guan)顶(ding)管(guan)(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)队

在(zai)(zai)(zai)顶进过(guo)程中不(bu)断注浆，由于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)扰动(dong)，管(guan)道上方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)体(ti)(ti)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)较为(wei)严(yan)重，可(ke)达到(dao)10mm，成(cheng)放(fang)射状(zhuang)向上扩展，并且沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)断缩小；管(guan)道下(xia)方(fang)(fang)土(tu)体(ti)(ti)有拱起(qi)，比(bi)(bi)(bi)较大拱起(qi)量(liang)可(ke)达到(dao)9mm。不(bu)同温度下(xia)处理3d玉(yu)米(mi)种(zhong)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)4d平(ping)(ping)均发(fa)芽率见(jian)图(tu)1，玉(yu)米(mi)种(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同温度下(xia)处理3d的(de)(de)(de)(de)7d平(ping)(ping)均发(fa)芽率见(jian)图(tu)2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)开(kai)挖(wa)计算初期，地(di)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)监测(ce)点沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)位移变化(hua)(hua)速率很快，随着(zhe)触变泥浆的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，位移沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)变化(hua)(hua)速率减慢(man)，逐渐趋于(yu)稳定值。在(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)后，触变泥浆固化(hua)(hua)，随之对(dui)上方(fang)(fang)土(tu)体(ti)(ti)起(qi)到(dao)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)支撑作用，土(tu)体(ti)(ti)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)恢复，且越接近地(di)表(biao)(biao)作用越小。管(guan)道正(zheng)上方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)比(bi)(bi)(bi)较大，监测(ce)点按2m间(jian)距布(bu)置，在(zai)(zai)(zai)距离管(guan)中线12m处地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)为(wei)0.03mm，几乎没有位移沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)距管(guan)中线12m范(fan)围(wei)内(nei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)会引(yin)起(qi)地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)此范(fan)围(wei)内(nei)应(ying)该加强地(di)表(biao)(biao)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)降(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)场监测(ce)。南平(ping)(ping)DN3200钢(gang)管(guan)顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)设备机(ji)械作业要(yao)严(yan)格按文明施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有关规定进行，严(yan)禁扰民影响市容的(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)象(xiang)出现(xian)。

在(zai)(zai)顶(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)中比较(jiao)为(wei)流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)三种平(ping)(ping)衡理(li)论(lun)：气(qi)压平(ping)(ping)衡、泥水(shui)平(ping)(ping)衡和土压平(ping)(ping)衡理(li)论(lun)。顶(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)比较(jiao)突出的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)点就(jiu)是适(shi)应(ying)性问题。针对不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)地质情况(kuang)、施(shi)工(gong)条件和设(she)计要求，选(xuan)用与之适(shi)应(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顶(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)方式，如何(he)正确地选(xuan)择顶(ding)管(guan)机和配套(tao)辅助设(she)备，对于顶(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)来说将(jiang)是非常关键的(de)(de)(de)(de)。经过多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)发展，顶(ding)管(guan)技术在(zai)(zai)我国已(yi)得到(dao)大量地实际工(gong)程应(ying)用，且保持着高(gao)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)长势(shi)头，无(wu)论(lun)在(zai)(zai)技术上(shang)、顶(ding)管(guan)设(she)备还(hai)是施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)艺上(shang)取(qu)得了(le)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)进(jin)步，在(zai)(zai)某些方面甚至已(yi)达到(dao)了(le)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。2001年(nian)上(shang)海隧道股份有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司在(zai)(zai)江苏省常州(zhou)完成了(le)长2050m、直径2m的(de)(de)(de)(de)钢筋水(shui)泥管(guan)顶(ding)管(guan)工(gong)程，是已(yi)完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)我国比较(jiao)长的(de)(de)(de)(de)顶(ding)管(guan)工(gong)程。

顶管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，必(bi)(bi)(bi)须(xu)对施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)现(xian)(xian)场(chang)或附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)地下管(guan)网进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)勘测(ce)，对现(xian)(xian)场(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)水(shui)、燃气、通讯、电力等管(guan)线(xian)(xian)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)定位(wei)，对那些需要(yao)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)或迁(qian)离(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)线(xian)(xian)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)严(yan)格分析，然后明确标出；第二要(yao)调查(cha)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)现(xian)(xian)场(chang)路(lu)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)车流(liu)、人流(liu)等交(jiao)通状况，必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)时(shi)(shi)在路(lu)口设(she)计(ji)(ji)交(jiao)通引导牌，安排(pai)专(zhuan)(zhuan)人指(zhi)挥，根据道(dao)路(lu)交(jiao)通状况合理安排(pai)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)线(xian)(xian)；第三要(yao)对施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)现(xian)(xian)场(chang)和(he)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道(dao)有清楚的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)，规划设(she)计(ji)(ji)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)路(lu)线(xian)(xian)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)要(yao)时(shi)(shi)搭建(jian)临时(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道(dao)，防(fang)止施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)污水(shui)流(liu)入其(qi)他(ta)位(wei)置。第四，如果(guo)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)现(xian)(xian)场(chang)有桥梁或其(qi)他(ta)建(jian)筑物，设(she)计(ji)(ji)人员必(bi)(bi)(bi)须(xu)查(cha)明桥墩、桥台基础、建(jian)筑基桩(zhuang)等，以(yi)避免管(guan)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破坏性影响。对于每道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，都要(yao)进(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)技(ji)术交(jiao)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，坚(jian)持“自检(jian)”、“专(zhuan)(zhuan)检(jian)”、“交(jiao)接(jie)检(jian)”三检(jian)制度。

该技术(shu)在我国沿海(hai)经(jing)济发达地(di)(di)区大范围用于城市(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)给排水(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)、天然气石油管(guan)(guan)道(dao)、通(tong)讯电缆等各种管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)非开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)铺设。它能(neng)穿(chuan)越公路、铁路、桥梁、高山、河(he)流、海(hai)峡和(he)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)任何建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)。采用该技术(shu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，能(neng)节约一(yi)大笔征地(di)(di)拆迁费用、减少对环境污染和(he)道(dao)路的(de)(de)堵(du)塞，具(ju)有明显(xian)的(de)(de)经(jing)济效(xiao)益和(he)社会(hui)效(xiao)益，工(gong)(gong)作井(jing)(jing)顶进井(jing)(jing)、接收井(jing)(jing)。类型手掘式(shi)、挤(ji)压式(shi)、泥(ni)水(shui)平(ping)衡式(shi)、三段两铰型水(shui)力挖(wa)土式(shi)、多刀盘土压平(ping)衡式(shi)。顶管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)是继(ji)盾构施(shi)工(gong)(gong)之后(hou)(hou)而(er)发展起来的(de)(de)一(yi)种地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)，它不需要开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)面(mian)(mian)层，并且(qie)能(neng)够(gou)穿(chuan)越公路、铁道(dao)、河(he)川、地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)构筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)以及(ji)各种地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)线(xian)等。顶管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)借助于主顶油缸及(ji)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)间中(zhong)继(ji)间等的(de)(de)推(tui)力，把工(gong)(gong)具(ju)管(guan)(guan)或掘进机(ji)从(cong)工(gong)(gong)作井(jing)(jing)内(nei)穿(chuan)过土层一(yi)直(zhi)推(tui)到接收井(jing)(jing)内(nei)吊起。与(yu)此同时，也就把紧(jin)随工(gong)(gong)具(ju)管(guan)(guan)或掘进机(ji)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)埋(mai)设在两井(jing)(jing)之间，以期实(shi)现(xian)非开(kai)(kai)挖(wa)敷设地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。严格遵守“建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)安(an)全生产六大纪律”，进入人员一(yi)律戴好安(an)全帽(mao)。莆田DN1600球(qiu)墨管(guan)(guan)顶管(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)哪家便宜

供货(huo)方交付材料之后的服务和(he)支持能力。厦门DN2400球墨管顶管施工队

钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)技术方案(an)定向钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机的(de)(de)主要部(bu)件为：轮式(shi)钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机、操作(zuo)系(xi)统(tong)、动力站、液压系(xi)统(tong)、钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)、钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)杆(gan)等，对(dui)照安装使用(yong)(yong)规范进(jin)(jin)(jin)行安装。钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机运到(dao)现(xian)场必须先(xian)锚(mao)固(gu)(gu)稳定，钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机如果锚(mao)固(gu)(gu)不稳，将会发(fa)生功(gong)率损(sun)失或(huo)者功(gong)率作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)在机器身上，造成机器和(he)(he)(he)人的(de)(de)伤害。钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机是依靠地(di)锚(mao)座和(he)(he)(he)后支(zhi)(zhi)承与(yu)(yu)地(di)基固(gu)(gu)定的(de)(de)，安放钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机前应先(xian)平整场地(di)，根据预先(xian)设(she)计的(de)(de)的(de)(de)钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机倾斜角度进(jin)(jin)(jin)行调整，依靠钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机动力将锚(mao)杆(gan)打入土中(zhong)，使后支(zhi)(zhi)承和(he)(he)(he)前底座锚(mao)与(yu)(yu)地(di)层(ceng)固(gu)(gu)结稳定。定向钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)原理：钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)机的(de)(de)钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)一(yi)侧为斜面的(de)(de)鸭舌形状，钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)通(tong)入高压水射流切割土体(ti)，若钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)旋转(zhuan)和(he)(he)(he)加压钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)同时进(jin)(jin)(jin)行，由于(yu)四周(zhou)受力方向均一(yi)，钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)呈(cheng)直线钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)；若只(zhi)加压钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)而钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)不旋转(zhuan)，由于(yu)受到(dao)斜面的(de)(de)反作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力，钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)头(tou)(tou)(tou)则朝斜面法线反方向钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)，实现(xian)造斜钻(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)(zuan)进(jin)(jin)(jin)。厦门DN2400球墨(mo)管顶管施工队

厦(sha)门常(chang)(chang)达管业(ye)有(you)限公司(si)坚(jian)持“以人(ren)为本”的(de)企业(ye)理(li)念(nian)，拥有(you)一支专业(ye)的(de)员工队伍，力(li)求提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)好的(de)产(chan)品(pin)和服务回馈(kui)社会，并欢迎广(guang)大新(xin)老客户光临(lin)惠顾，真诚合作、共创美(mei)好未来。常(chang)(chang)达管业(ye)——您可信赖的(de)朋友，公司(si)地址：厦(sha)门市集美(mei)区宁海二里。

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