供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)概念是(shi)从(cong)扩(kuo)大生产概念发展来的(de)(de)(de)，它(ta)将(jiang)(jiang)企业的(de)(de)(de)生产活动(dong)进(jin)行(xing)了前(qian)伸和(he)后延(yan)。日(ri)本丰(feng)田公司(si)的(de)(de)(de)精益(yi)协作方式(shi)中(zhong)就将(jiang)(jiang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)活动(dong)视为生产活动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)有机组成部(bu)分(fen)而加以控制(zhi)和(he)协调(diao)。哈(ha)理(li)(li)森（Harrison）将(jiang)(jiang)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)定义为：“供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)执行(xing)采购原(yuan)材料，将(jiang)(jiang)它(ta)们转换为中(zhong)间(jian)产品(pin)和(he)成品(pin)，并(bing)且(qie)将(jiang)(jiang)成品(pin)销售到用户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)功能网链(lian)(lian)(lian)。”美国的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)蒂(di)文(wen)斯（Stevens）认为：“通过增值过程和(he)分(fen)销渠道控制(zhi)从(cong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)到用户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)流就是(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)，它(ta)开始于供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)源点，结束于消(xiao)费(fei)的(de)(de)(de)终(zhong)点。”因此(ci)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)就是(shi)通过计划（Plan）、获得（Obtain）、存(cun)储（Store）、分(fen)销（Distribute）、服(fu)务（Serve）等这样一(yi)些活动(dong)而在顾(gu)客(ke)和(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)之间(jian)形成的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)种(zhong)衔接（Interface），从(cong)而使企业能满足(zu)内(nei)外部(bu)顾(gu)客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)需求。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)需要考虑供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)战略(lve)(lve)管理(li)(li)，如制(zhi)定供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)战略(lve)(lve)、实现战略(lve)(lve)目标等，提高供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)战略(lve)(lve)管理(li)(li)水(shui)平和(he)竞争(zheng)力。湛江一(yi)站式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管理(li)(li)公司(si)流程

供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链管(guan)(guan)理(li)对提高物(wu)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)体效(xiao)率具有重要(yao)作用(yong)(yong)，通过(guo)加强(qiang)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链管(guan)(guan)理(li)，可以对商品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)个(ge)流(liu)通过(guo)程进(jin)行(xing)多方(fang)面优化(hua)，可以缩(suo)短(duan)商品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)通路径(jing)(jing)，使商品(pin)(pin)能够采取短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)路径(jing)(jing)及短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)时(shi)间(jian)达到需方(fang)手(shou)里，极(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高物(wu)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)体效(xiao)率，使物(wu)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速性得到凸(tu)显。在当前物(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)发展中，运输效(xiao)率是衡量物(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)指标。从(cong)当前物(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)发展来看，应(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)了供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链管(guan)(guan)理(li)理(li)论以后(hou)，物(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业在整(zheng)体工作效(xiao)率上有了明显提高。为此，我们(men)应(ying)(ying)(ying)对供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)有多方(fang)面正(zheng)确(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)认识。物(wu)流(liu)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链模式有哪些供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)链是指从(cong)原材料采购到产品(pin)(pin)销(xiao)售的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)个(ge)流(liu)程，包括生产、运输、仓储、销(xiao)售等环(huan)节(jie)。

供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)上下游(you)企业(ye)为了谋求各自收(shou)益大化，在单(dan)独决(jue)(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)过程中确定的(de)(de)(de)(de)产品价格(ge)高于其生产边际成本的(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)(xian)象。如果下游(you)企业(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定价过高，必然会造成市(shi)场需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)萎(wei)缩(suo)，导致供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)总体(ti)(ti)收(shou)益下降。原因：企业(ye)个(ge)体(ti)(ti)利益大化的(de)(de)(de)(de)目标和整体(ti)(ti)利益大化的(de)(de)(de)(de)目标不一致。没有体(ti)(ti)现(xian)(xian)供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)共担(dan)风险的(de)(de)(de)(de)原则。影响(xiang)：如果不能(neng)很好解决(jue)(jue)，供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)绩效(xiao)水平(ping)会大打折扣，进(jin)而(er)影响(xiang)人们实(shi)施供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)管(guan)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)心。方法：供(gong)应(ying)契(qi)(qi)约（回(hui)购契(qi)(qi)约、收(shou)入共享契(qi)(qi)约、数(shu)量折扣契(qi)(qi)约、小购买(mai)数(shu)量契(qi)(qi)约、数(shu)量柔(rou)性契(qi)(qi)约；质量担(dan)保(bao)契(qi)(qi)约）供(gong)应(ying)契(qi)(qi)约的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用：1.减少长鞭效(xiao)应(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影响(xiang);2,实(shi)现(xian)(xian)供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)系统的(de)(de)(de)(de)协调，消除双重边际效(xiao)应(ying)；3.增强供(gong)应(ying)链(lian)成员的(de)(de)(de)(de)合作关系。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)设计的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则：自顶向下和(he)(he)(he)自底向上(shang)相(xiang)结合(he)(he)；简洁性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则；集优(you)(you)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则；协调(diao)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则；动态性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则；创新(xin)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则；战(zhan)略性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)则。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)伙伴(ban)关系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定义：一般(ban)是指供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)内部两(liang)个或两(liang)个以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，单独(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)员之(zhi)间形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一种协调(diao)关系(xi)(xi)，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)证实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)某个特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目标或效益(yi)(yi)。相(xiang)比传统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)关系(xi)(xi)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)伙伴(ban)关系(xi)(xi)更(geng)(geng)加强调(diao)直接、长期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，强调(diao)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)努(nu)力(li)实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)计划和(he)(he)(he)解决共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)问题，强调(diao)相(xiang)互之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信任与合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用：降低供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)总(zong)成(cheng)(cheng)本，降低供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)库存水(shui)平，提(ti)(ti)升信息共(gong)(gong)(gong)享水(shui)平，改(gai)善(shan)相(xiang)互之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流，保(bao)持战(zhan)略伙伴(ban)之(zhi)间在运作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一致性(xing)，从(cong)而(er)使供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)产(chan)(chan)生更(geng)(geng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竞争优(you)(you)势，以(yi)(yi)实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)企业(ye)在财(cai)务(wu)状况、质量、产(chan)(chan)量、交(jiao)货期(qi)(qi)、用户(hu)满意度和(he)(he)(he)业(ye)绩等方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善(shan)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高。意义：对于制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)而(er)言(yan)，可以(yi)(yi)降低合(he)(he)同(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)本，实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)数量折扣及稳定、有竞争力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)价格；提(ti)(ti)高产(chan)(chan)品质量和(he)(he)(he)降低库存水(shui)平；改(gai)善(shan)时间管理(li)；缩(suo)短交(jiao)货提(ti)(ti)前期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)高可靠性(xing)；提(ti)(ti)高面(mian)向工(gong)艺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企业(ye)规(gui)划；更(geng)(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)产(chan)(chan)品设计和(he)(he)(he)更(geng)(geng)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)对产(chan)(chan)品变化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反应(ying)(ying)速(su)度；强化(hua)数据信息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)获(huo)取(qu)和(he)(he)(he)管理(li)控制。对于供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)，保(bao)证稳定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)户(hu)，实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)望(wang)和(he)(he)(he)目标；共(gong)(gong)(gong)担(dan)风(feng)险和(he)(he)(he)共(gong)(gong)(gong)享利益(yi)(yi)。共(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)参(can)与产(chan)(chan)品和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)艺发展，实(shi)现(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)互之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)艺、技术和(he)(he)(he)物(wu)理(li)集成(cheng)(cheng)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)管理(li)是指对供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)各环节(jie)进行协调(diao)和(he)(he)(he)优(you)(you)化(hua)，以(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)高效率、降低成(cheng)(cheng)本、提(ti)(ti)高客(ke)户(hu)满意度。

我们(men)可以把(ba)供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)(lian)描绘成(cheng)一(yi)棵枝(zhi)(zhi)叶茂盛的(de)(de)大树：生(sheng)(sheng)产企业构成(cheng)树根；单(dan)独代理(li)(li)商则是(shi)主干；分销商是(shi)树枝(zhi)(zhi)和树梢；满树的(de)(de)绿(lv)叶红花是(shi)用户；在(zai)根与主干、枝(zhi)(zhi)与干的(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)个(ge)结点(dian)，蕴藏着一(yi)次次的(de)(de)流通，遍体相通的(de)(de)脉络便(bian)是(shi)信息管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)系统(tong)。供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)(lian)上各企业之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)的(de)(de)关系与生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)学中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)链(lian)(lian)(lian)类(lei)似。在(zai)“草(cao)—兔子—狼(lang)(lang)—狮子”这样(yang)一(yi)个(ge)简单(dan)的(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)链(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)（为便(bian)于论述，假设在(zai)这一(yi)自然(ran)环境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)只生(sheng)(sheng)存这四种生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)），如果我们(men)把(ba)兔子全(quan)部(bu)杀掉，那么草(cao)就会疯(feng)长起(qi)来，狼(lang)(lang)也会因(yin)兔子的(de)(de)灭(mie)绝而饿(e)死(si)，连(lian)厉(li)害的(de)(de)狮子也会因(yin)狼(lang)(lang)的(de)(de)死(si)亡而慢(man)慢(man)饿(e)死(si)。可见，食(shi)物(wu)链(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)每一(yi)种生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)是(shi)相互(hu)依存的(de)(de)，破坏(huai)食(shi)物(wu)链(lian)(lian)(lian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)任何(he)一(yi)种生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)，势必导(dao)致这条食(shi)物(wu)链(lian)(lian)(lian)失去平(ping)衡，破坏(huai)人类(lei)赖以生(sheng)(sheng)存的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)态环境(jing)。供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)需要进行财(cai)务管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以实现财(cai)务控(kong)制(zhi)和风险(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。肇(zhao)庆(qing)电商供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)(lian)模(mo)式有(you)哪些(xie)

供(gong)应(ying)链管(guan)理需要进行采购管(guan)理，以(yi)实(shi)现采购成本控制和(he)供(gong)应(ying)稳定(ding)。湛江一站(zhan)式供(gong)应(ying)链管(guan)理公司流程

供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)是指产(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)产(chan)和(he)流(liu)通(tong)过(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)所(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)材(cai)料供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商、生(sheng)产(chan)商、分销(xiao)商、零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)商以及(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)等(deng)成(cheng)(cheng)员(yuan)通(tong)过(guo)与上游、下(xia)游成(cheng)(cheng)员(yuan)的(de)(de)连(lian)接组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)网(wang)络结(jie)构。也即(ji)是由(you)物(wu)(wu)料获取、物(wu)(wu)料加工(gong)、并将(jiang)(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)送(song)到用户手中(zhong)这一(yi)过(guo)程(cheng)所(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)和(he)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)部(bu)门组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)个网(wang)络。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)一(yi)般(ban)包括物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、商流(liu)、信息流(liu)、资金流(liu)四(si)个流(liu)程(cheng)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)主要(yao)具有(you)以下(xia)特(te)征：复杂(za)性(xing)、动态性(xing)、响应(ying)性(xing)、交(jiao)叉性(xing)一(yi)般(ban)来说，构成(cheng)(cheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)基本要(yao)素(su)包括：供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商指给生(sheng)产(chan)厂家提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)材(cai)料或零(ling)(ling)、部(bu)件的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)。厂家即(ji)产(chan)品(pin)制造业(ye)。分销(xiao)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)为实现将(jiang)(jiang)产(chan)品(pin)送(song)到经营地理(li)范(fan)围每(mei)一(yi)角落而设的(de)(de)产(chan)品(pin)流(liu)通(tong)代理(li)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)。零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)将(jiang)(jiang)产(chan)品(pin)销(xiao)售(shou)(shou)给消(xiao)(xiao)费者(zhe)的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)。物(wu)(wu)流(liu)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)即(ji)上述(shu)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)之外专门提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)服务的(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)业(ye)。其中(zhong)批发、零(ling)(ling)售(shou)(shou)、物(wu)(wu)流(liu)业(ye)也可以统称为流(liu)通(tong)业(ye)。湛江一(yi)站式供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管理(li)公(gong)司流(liu)程(cheng)

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