供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理协(xie)会(hui)(ASCM,原APICS协(xie)会(hui))给出的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)定义更为(wei)完整并充满现(xian)代气息：“供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)一个全局化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)、用来将(jiang)原材料转(zhuan)化(hua)成产品(pin)或服务并配送到(dao)用户(hu)(hu)(hu)手里的(de)(de)(de)网络(luo)，其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)含了信(xin)息、实(shi)物和(he)现(xian)金等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)动。”也就是(shi)说，供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)是(shi)一个由(you)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)(hu)(hu)、制造商(shang)和(he)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)等(deng)实(shi)体构成的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)网络(luo)，以(yi)及(ji)各种流(liu)(liu)程所组成，而供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)强调的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)该链(lian)(lian)(lian)条上各个企业实(shi)体之间的(de)(de)(de)合作(zuo)(zuo)!另外(wai)一个广(guang)(guang)为(wei)人知的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)模型(xing)是(shi)美国(guo)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)协(xie)会(hui)(SupplyChainCouncil,即SCC,现(xian)已与(yu)APICS合并)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)运(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)参考模型(xing)(SCOR),其(qi)中(zhong)对供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念的(de)(de)(de)解释是(shi)：供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)作(zuo)(zuo)为(wei)目前国(guo)际(ji)上广(guang)(guang)使用的(de)(de)(de)一个术语，囊括了涉及(ji)生产与(yu)交付产品(pin)和(he)服务的(de)(de)(de)一切努(nu)力，从供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)商(shang)到(dao)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)户(hu)(hu)(hu)。供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)(guan)理需要(yao)进行(xing)风险管(guan)(guan)理，以(yi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)对各种不确定性因素。肇庆(qing)供(gong)应(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)外(wai)包(bao)公(gong)司

基于(yu)对(dui)产(chan)(chan)业(ye)供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)深度理(li)解，依(yi)托数(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)管(guan)理(li)能力(li)，多方面将供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)与三大(da)流(liu)进行融合，不断(duan)提升和(he)优化(hua)(hua)(hua)参与方在各环(huan)节(jie)(jie)的协作，以(yi)确保(bao)产(chan)(chan)品能够在低成本、高效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)和(he)高质量的情况(kuang)下(xia)被传递到客户手中。供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)关键环(huan)节(jie)(jie)：计划-->采(cai)购(gou)-->制造-->仓(cang)储-->销售（订(ding)单）-->交付(fu)（运输(shu)、配送(song)、园区）-->服务（售前、售后、金融）各环(huan)节(jie)(jie)通过数(shu)据(ju)系统进行串联。供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)的每(mei)一(yi)个(ge)环(huan)节(jie)(jie)具体怎么展开？怎么监(jian)控(kong)各个(ge)环(huan)节(jie)(jie)工(gong)作的效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)？以(yi)及各个(ge)环(huan)节(jie)(jie)之间如(ru)何有效(xiao)(xiao)协作，可以(yi)对(dui)降本增效(xiao)(xiao)产(chan)(chan)生效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)？这就需(xu)要我们(men)了(le)解每(mei)一(yi)个(ge)环(huan)节(jie)(jie)，对(dui)其中的人、事、物有一(yi)个(ge)充分的了(le)解。肇(zhao)庆国际供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)系统供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需(xu)要考虑(lv)供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)，如(ru)采(cai)用人工(gong)智能、大(da)数(shu)据(ju)等(deng)技术(shu)，提高供(gong)应链(lian)(lian)的智能化(hua)(hua)(hua)水平和(he)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。

推拉结(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)：推动(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)（供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)上游供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)一端是以(yi)预测驱动(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)生产和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)）和(he)(he)(he)拉动(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)（以(yi)客(ke)户需求驱动(dong)(dong)）。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)运行(xing)机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)：1.合(he)作机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（体(ti)现了战略合(he)作伙伴(ban)关系和(he)(he)(he)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)内外资源的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)与(yu)优化(hua)利用。基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)时间的(de)(de)(de)竞争和(he)(he)(he)价(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)链(lian)(lian)及价(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)让渡系统管(guan)理(li)或基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)价(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)）；2.决策(ce)(ce)机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)（基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)互联网/物联网的(de)(de)(de)开放(fang)性信(xin)(xin)(xin)息环境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)群(qun)体(ti)决策(ce)(ce)模式(shi)(shi)）；3.激励机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；4.自律机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；5.风险机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)；6.信(xin)(xin)(xin)任机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)扩(kuo)展企(qi)业(ye)(ye)模型：“X”模型，将供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)、生产、分销有(you)机(ji)(ji)结(jie)合(he)，考虑产品与(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)设(she)计工(gong)作和(he)(he)(he)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)、分销商(shang)甚(shen)至顾(gu)(gu)客(ke)。实现信(xin)(xin)(xin)息共享(xiang)和(he)(he)(he)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)。集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)理(li)论模型：由顾(gu)(gu)客(ke)化(hua)需求-集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)计划-业(ye)(ye)务流(liu)程(cheng)重组-面向对象的(de)(de)(de)过程(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)组成(cheng)(cheng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回路(lu)（作业(ye)(ye)回路(lu)）；由顾(gu)(gu)客(ke)化(hua)策(ce)(ce)略-信(xin)(xin)(xin)息共享(xiang)-调整适应(ying)(ying)性-创造(zao)性团队组成(cheng)(cheng)第(di)二(er)个回路(lu)（策(ce)(ce)略回路(lu)）；在作业(ye)(ye)回路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)每个作业(ye)(ye)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)各种(zhong)相应(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)作业(ye)(ye)性能评价(jia)与(yu)提高回路(lu)（性能评价(jia)回路(lu)）。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)根据范围不(bu)同(tong)(tong)划(hua)分(fen)，（1）内(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)：指企业(ye)(ye)内(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)产品生(sheng)产和(he)(he)流通过(guo)程(cheng)中所(suo)涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采购部(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、生(sheng)产部(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、仓(cang)储(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)、销(xiao)售部(bu)(bu)(bu)门(men)等组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需网络(luo)。（2）外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)：指企业(ye)(ye)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，与(yu)企业(ye)(ye)相关的(de)(de)(de)(de)产品生(sheng)产和(he)(he)流通过(guo)程(cheng)中涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)、生(sheng)产厂商(shang)、储(chu)运(yun)商(shang)、零售商(shang)以(yi)及(ji)消(xiao)费者组成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)需网络(luo)。内(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)(bu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)共(gong)同(tong)(tong)组成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)企业(ye)(ye)产品从原材料(liao)到成(cheng)(cheng)品到消(xiao)费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)根据复(fu)杂程(cheng)度不(bu)同(tong)(tong)划(hua)分(fen)，（1）直(zhi)接(jie)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)：在产品、服(fu)务(wu)、资(zi)(zi)金和(he)(he)信(xin)息在往(wang)上游(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)下游(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流动(dong)过(guo)程(cheng)中，由公司、此公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)此公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)客户(hu)组成(cheng)(cheng)。（2）扩展(zhan)型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)：把直(zhi)接(jie)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)和(he)(he)直(zhi)接(jie)客户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)客户(hu)包含在内(nei)(nei)，左(zuo)右这(zhei)些成(cheng)(cheng)员均(jun)参与(yu)产品、服(fu)务(wu)、资(zi)(zi)金和(he)(he)信(xin)息往(wang)上游(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)下游(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流动(dong)过(guo)程(cheng)。（3）终(zhong)端型供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)：包括(kuo)参与(yu)产品、服(fu)务(wu)、资(zi)(zi)金、信(xin)息从终(zhong)端供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)商(shang)到终(zhong)端消(xiao)费者的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有往(wang)上游(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)下游(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流动(dong)过(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有组织(zhi)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)链(lian)(lian)管理需要进行成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)控制，以(yi)提高企业(ye)(ye)盈利(li)能力。

供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根据稳(wen)定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)划分(fen)，（1）稳(wen)定(ding)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基于(yu)(yu)相对稳(wen)定(ding)、单一的市场(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)而组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)稳(wen)定(ding)性(xing)较强。（2）动态(tai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：基于(yu)(yu)相对频繁变(bian)化(hua)、复杂的需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)而组成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)动态(tai)性(xing)较高。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)根据容(rong)量(liang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)划分(fen)，（1）平衡的供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：一个(ge)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)具(ju)有一定(ding)的、相对稳(wen)定(ding)的设备容(rong)量(liang)和生(sheng)产能(neng)(neng)力（所有节点企业能(neng)(neng)力的综合，包括(kuo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)商(shang)(shang)、制造(zao)商(shang)(shang)、运输商(shang)(shang)、分(fen)销商(shang)(shang)、零(ling)售商(shang)(shang)等），但(dan)用(yong)户需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)处于(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)断(duan)变(bian)化(hua)的过程(cheng)中，当供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的容(rong)量(liang)能(neng)(neng)满足用(yong)户需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)时(shi)(shi)，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)处于(yu)(yu)平衡状态(tai)。（2）倾斜的供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)：当市场(chang)变(bian)化(hua)加(jia)(jia)剧，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)、库存增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)、浪费增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)等现象时(shi)(shi)，企业不(bu)(bu)是在非常好的状态(tai)下运作，供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)则处于(yu)(yu)倾斜状态(tai)。供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)管(guan)理(li)需(xu)要考虑供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)管(guan)理(li)，如降(jiang)低(di)采购成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、提(ti)高生(sheng)产效率等，降(jiang)低(di)供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。深圳生(sheng)鲜供(gong)(gong)(gong)应(ying)(ying)链(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)公司(si)

供(gong)应链(lian)管理需(xu)要考(kao)虑供(gong)应链(lian)协(xie)同(tong)(tong)，如(ru)供(gong)应商协(xie)同(tong)(tong)、客(ke)户协(xie)同(tong)(tong)等，实现(xian)供(gong)应链(lian)各方的协(xie)同(tong)(tong)作(zuo)业和共同(tong)(tong)发展。肇庆(qing)供(gong)应链(lian)外(wai)包公司

早期的(de)(de)(de)观点认为(wei)(wei)供应(ying)链(lian)是(shi)指将(jiang)采购的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)材料(liao)和收到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)零部(bu)件，通过生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)转换(huan)和销售等活(huo)动传递到(dao)(dao)用户(hu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)过程(cheng)。因(yin)此(ci)，供应(ying)链(lian)被视为(wei)(wei)企业内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)过程(cheng)，它所涉(she)及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)主要是(shi)物(wu)(wu)料(liao)采购、库存、生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)和分销诸(zhu)部(bu)门的(de)(de)(de)职(zhi)能协调问题，目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)优(you)化(hua)企业内部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)业务流(liu)程(cheng)、降低物(wu)(wu)流(liu)成(cheng)本，从而(er)提(ti)高经营(ying)效(xiao)率(lv)。进入20世(shi)纪90年代，人们对供应(ying)链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)理解(jie)又发生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)变(bian)化(hua)：首先(xian)，由(you)于需(xu)求(qiu)环境的(de)(de)(de)变(bian)化(hua)，原(yuan)来(lai)被排斥在供应(ying)链(lian)之外的(de)(de)(de)用户(hu)、消费者的(de)(de)(de)地(di)位得到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)前所未有的(de)(de)(de)重视，从而(er)被纳入了(le)(le)供应(ying)链(lian)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)围。这样，供应(ying)链(lian)就(jiu)不(bu)再只是(shi)一(yi)条生(sheng)(sheng)产(chan)(chan)(chan)链(lian)了(le)(le)，而(er)是(shi)一(yi)个(ge)(ge)涵(han)盖了(le)(le)整个(ge)(ge)产(chan)(chan)(chan)品运(yun)动过程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)值(zhi)链(lian)。肇庆(qing)供应(ying)链(lian)外包公司

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